<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OJNS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Open Journal of Nature Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2330-1724</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12677/OJNS.2019.73014</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">OJNS-29660</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>OJNS20190300000_80818926.pdf</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>数学与物理</subject><subject> 地球与环境</subject><subject> 信息通讯</subject><subject> 生命科学</subject><subject> 化学与材料</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  邻苯二胺修饰碳量子点的制备及其对茶叶中痕量铜的分析应用
  Determination of Copper in Tea Samples by Phenylenediamine Modified Carbon Dots
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>黄</surname><given-names>飞宏</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>孙</surname><given-names>巍巍</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>严</surname><given-names>民民</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>柳</surname><given-names>金枝</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>张</surname><given-names>兰兰</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>胡</surname><given-names>冰倩</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>李</surname><given-names>清媛</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>雷</surname><given-names>雯</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>郑</surname><given-names>彬</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>向</surname><given-names>国强</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>河南工业大学化学化工学院，河南 郑州</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>null</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>07</volume><issue>03</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  以柠檬酸为碳源，通过水热法制备了碳量子点(CDs)；然后通过-NH
  <sub>2</sub>与-COOH之间的偶联反应，将邻苯二胺(OPD)修饰到CDs表面，得到了邻苯二胺修饰荧光碳点(CDs-OPD)。采用UV-vis，FT-IR和荧光光谱对所制备的CDs-OPD进行光学性质表征。结果表明，与未经OPD修饰的CDs相比，当激发波长为260 nm时，CDs-OPD出现了新的荧光发射峰(295 nm，440 nm和580 nm)。Cu
  <sup>2+</sup>能够与CDs-OPD表面的基团作用，使得CDs-OPD在295 nm处荧光峰产生明显猝灭，且荧光猝灭程度与加入Cu
  <sup>2+</sup>的浓度呈线性关系。据此建立了基于CDs-OPD的荧光猝灭分析Cu
  <sup>2+</sup>的新方法，方法检测限(3σ)为1.4ng mL
  <sup>−1</sup>，相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.0% (C = 100 ng mL
  <sup>−1</sup>, n = 11)，线性范围为10~500 ng mL
  <sup>−1</sup>，所建立的分析方法成功应用于茶叶样品中痕量Cu
  <sup>2+</sup>的测定，结果满意。
   CDs was prepared by hydrothermal method using citric acid as a carbon source. By coupling reac-tion between -NH
  <sub>2</sub> and -COOH, the o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was grafted to the surface of CDs, and the phthalic two amine modified fluorescent carbon dots (CDs-OPD) was obtained. The optical properties of the prepared CDs-OPD were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR and fluorescence spec-troscopy. The results show that CDs-OPD has a three fluorescence emission peaks (295 nm, 440 nm and 580 nm) with an excitation wavelength of 260 nm, compared with the CDs without OPD modification. The effects of metal ions on the fluorescence properties of CDs-OPD were investigated. The results showed that Cu
  <sup>2+</sup> could selectively quencher the fluorescence of CDs-OPD, and other metal ions did not produce obvious fluorescence quenching. Cu
  <sup>2+</sup> can interact with the groups on the surface of CDs-OPD, which makes the fluorescence peak (295 nm) of CDs-OPD obviously quenched, and the degree of fluorescence quenching is linear with the concentration of Cu
  <sup>2+</sup>. A new analytical method for Cu
  <sup>2+</sup> based on CDs-OPD was established. The detection limit (3σ) was 1.4 ng mL
  <sup>−1</sup>, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 5% (C = 100 ng mL
  <sup>−1</sup>, n = 11), and the linear range was 10 - 500 ng mL
  <sup>−1</sup>. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts in tea samples. The results were satisfactory.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>碳量子点，铜，邻苯二胺，茶叶样品, Carbon Dots</kwd><kwd> Copper</kwd><kwd> Phenylenediamine</kwd><kwd> Tea Samples</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>邻苯二胺修饰碳量子点的制备及其对茶叶中痕量铜的分析应用<sup> </sup></title><p>黄飞宏，孙巍巍，严民民，柳金枝，张兰兰，胡冰倩，李清媛，雷雯，郑彬，向国强</p><p>河南工业大学化学化工学院，河南 郑州</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2950477x1_hanspub.png" /></p><p>收稿日期：2019年3月21日；录用日期：2019年4月4日；发布日期：2019年4月11日</p><disp-formula id="hanspub.29660-formula16"><graphic xlink:href="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2950477x5_hanspub.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s2"><title>摘 要</title><p>以柠檬酸为碳源，通过水热法制备了碳量子点(CDs)；然后通过-NH<sub>2</sub>与-COOH之间的偶联反应，将邻苯二胺(OPD)修饰到CDs表面，得到了邻苯二胺修饰荧光碳点(CDs-OPD)。采用UV-vis，FT-IR和荧光光谱对所制备的CDs-OPD进行光学性质表征。结果表明，与未经OPD修饰的CDs相比，当激发波长为260 nm时，CDs-OPD出现了新的荧光发射峰(295 nm，440 nm和580 nm)。Cu<sup>2+</sup>能够与CDs-OPD表面的基团作用，使得CDs-OPD在295 nm处荧光峰产生明显猝灭，且荧光猝灭程度与加入Cu<sup>2+</sup>的浓度呈线性关系。据此建立了基于CDs-OPD的荧光猝灭分析Cu<sup>2+</sup>的新方法，方法检测限(3σ)为1.4ng mL<sup>−1</sup>，相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.0% (C = 100 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, n = 11)，线性范围为10~500 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>，所建立的分析方法成功应用于茶叶样品中痕量Cu<sup>2+</sup>的测定，结果满意。</p><p>关键词 :碳量子点，铜，邻苯二胺，茶叶样品</p><disp-formula id="hanspub.29660-formula17"><graphic xlink:href="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2950477x6_hanspub.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Copyright &#169; 2019 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.</p><p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).</p><p>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2950477x7_hanspub.png" /> <img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2950477x8_hanspub.png" /></p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>1. 引言</title><p>铜是许多生物体必需的一种微量元素 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref1">1</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref2">2</xref>] ，在骨骼形成和细胞呼吸等生理和病理过程中起着重要作用，在血红蛋白、弹性蛋白和胶原的合成过程中重要的催化辅助作用 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref3">3</xref>]。缺乏铜会导致多种疾病，如贫血、全血细胞减少和骨髓异常等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref4">4</xref>]。过量摄取铜也会对生物体造成毒害，给肝脏、肾脏和中枢神经系统造成严重损害(如Wilson氏病和老年痴呆症)。因此，建立一种操作简便、准确测定茶叶中痕量的铜的方法是十分必要的。</p><p>常用的铜离子检测方法有：原子吸收光谱法(AAS) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref5">5</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref6">6</xref>] 、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref7">7</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref8">8</xref>] 、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref9">9</xref>] 和荧光分析法 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref10">10</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref11">11</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref12">12</xref>] 等。</p><p>CDs作为一种荧光纳米材料，因具有良好的生物相容性、较低的细胞毒性、突出的光学性质以及良好的化学稳定性而成为研究的热点。</p><p>荧光探针检测技术具有检出限低、选择性高等优点，在食品、环境、生物等领域的重金属离子检测、有机小分子检测和生物大分子检测过程中得到了广泛的应用。</p><p>本文以柠檬酸为碳源，去离子水为溶剂，通过水热法制备CDs，并用邻苯二胺(OPD)对CDs进行修饰，得到邻苯二胺修饰碳点(CDs-OPD)。实验发现，在BR缓冲介质下，Cu<sup>2+</sup>与CDs-OPD相互作用，使得CDs-OPD荧光峰强度降低，基于此实现了对茶叶中痕量铜的测定。</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>2. 实验部分</title><sec id="s4_1"><title>2.1. 实验仪器</title><p>Cary Eclipse荧光光谱仪(Varian，美国)；紫外可见分光光度计(UV-2450，日本岛津)；傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(WQF-510，北京瑞利分析仪器公司)；FA604A电子天平(上海精天电子仪器有限公司)；雷磁PHS-3C型pH计(上海精密科学仪器有限公司)；DZF-真空干燥箱(北京市永光明医疗仪器有限公司)。</p></sec><sec id="s4_2"><title>2.2. 实验试剂</title><p>一水合柠檬酸(AR, Aladdin)，1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC HCl, AR, Aladdin)，N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS, AR, Aladdin)，三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris, AR, Aladdin)。磷酸氢二钠(Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>)，磷酸二氢钠(NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) (均购自天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司)。磷酸(H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)，硼酸(H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>)，醋酸(CH<sub>3</sub>COOH)，氢氧化钠(NaOH)，盐酸(HCl) (均购自洛阳市化学试剂厂)。</p><p>实验用水为去离子水(18 MΩ cm<sup>−1</sup>)，实验所用容器用稀硝酸浸泡24 h，并用去离子水清洗，干燥后备用。</p></sec><sec id="s4_3"><title>2.3. 邻苯二胺修饰CDs的制备(CDs-OPD)</title><p>CDs-OPD的制备主要包括水热法制备CDs和CDs表面修饰两个步骤。如图1所示。</p><p>图1. 邻苯二胺修饰CDs的合成示意图</p><p>荧光CDs的制备参考文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref13">13</xref>] 的方法，准确称取2.3 g一水合柠檬酸，用40 mL去离子水溶解，超声并搅拌10 min，使其充分溶解。所得溶液转至60 mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中，接着把60 mL反应釜放入烘箱中加热(200℃，升温时间为60 min，保温时间为240 min)。反应结束后，冷反应釜冷却至室温，所得溶液经过0.22 μm的有机滤膜过滤，最终得到无色的CDs溶液。</p><p>邻苯二胺修饰荧光CDs (OPD@CDs)：参考文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.29660-ref14">14</xref>] 的方法，利用EDC HCl和NHS的活化偶联反应将OPD连接到CDs的表面。在上述制备的CDs溶液中加入数滴NaOH (10 mol L<sup>−1</sup>)溶液，调节溶液pH值至7.4，再加入0.192 g的EDC∙HCl，搅拌40 min后再加入等体积的PB缓冲液(0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup>, pH 7.4)和0.115 g的NHS，搅拌2 h。然后再加入0.108 g的OPD，磁力搅拌3 h。反应结束后，得到溶液用1000 mL去离子水透析24 h (透析膜孔径为100 Da)，除去未反应的反应物和副产物，并将透析液在真空干燥箱(40℃)浓缩至20 mL，即得到CDs-OPD溶液，于4℃冰箱保存。</p></sec><sec id="s4_4"><title>2.4. 样品处理</title><p>茶叶样品购于当地超市(河南，郑州)。分别准确称取0.5 g的茶叶样品，放置于100 mL瓷坩埚内，电炉上加热至没有白烟冒出；然后转至马弗炉中继续加热(500℃ &#177; 25℃, 5 h)，冷至室温后，取出瓷坩埚，用适量稀硝酸溶液(1%, V/V)溶解，然后转移至100 mL的容量瓶中，用去离子水定容。所得溶液用于分析测试。</p></sec><sec id="s4_5"><title>2.5. 实验方法</title><p>于10 mL具塞刻度管中依次加入60 μLCDs-OPD溶液，一定量的Cu<sup>2+</sup>工作液(或样品溶液)，BR缓冲溶液定容(pH 9.0)，摇匀后静置5 min，同时做空白实验(不加入Cu<sup>2+</sup>工作液或样品溶液)。在激发波长260 nm条件下，测定测试液和空白溶液的荧光发射强度(Em 295 nm)，分别用F<sup>295</sup>和 F 0 295 表示，计算 Δ F 295 = F 0 295 − F 295 。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s5"><title>3. 结果与讨论</title><sec id="s5_1"><title>3.1. CDs-OPD的表征</title><p>图2是CDs和CDs-OPD的紫外-可见光谱(左)和荧光光谱(右)。由UV-Vis光谱可以看出，CDs在紫外区有弱吸收；邻苯二胺(OPD)在210 nm处有较强吸收；CDs-OPD相比CDs，在210 nm处也出现较强吸收峰。这表明CDs-OPD具有OPD的特征生色团，即OPD连接到了CDs的表面。</p><p>图2. CDs、OPD和CDs-OPD的UV-vis光谱(左)；CDs和CDs-OPD的荧光光谱(右)</p><p>由荧光光谱可以看出，未经表面修饰的CDs在激发波长310 nm处具有最大荧光发射峰(415 nm)；经OPD表面修饰后，CDs-OPD的荧光光谱发生了较大变化，在260 nm激发波长条件下，CDs-OPD在295 nm、440 nm、580 nm处出现了三个荧光发射峰。其中440 nm应归因于CDs的荧光发射峰，而580 nm则可能是2,3-二氨基吩嗪的荧光发射峰，而295 nm处的荧光峰则归因于OPD在210 nm处的强吸收。</p><p>由图3可以看出，修饰前的CDs在1690 cm<sup>−1</sup>处出现C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰，1402 cm<sup>−1</sup>出现C-H的变形振动峰，1217 cm<sup>−1</sup>出现C-O的伸缩振动吸收峰，947 cm<sup>−1</sup>出现O-H的变形振动吸收峰；经OPD表面修饰后，CDs-OPD相比CDs，在3460~3400 cm<sup>−1</sup>出现仲酰胺的N-H吸收，1531.5 cm<sup>−1</sup>和1290 cm<sup>−1</sup>处出现强的仲酰胺吸收峰；754 cm<sup>−1</sup>出现苯环平面外弯曲振动吸收峰。上述特征峰表明OPD成功连接到了CDs的表面。</p></sec><sec id="s5_2"><title>3.2. Cu<sup>2+</sup>的检测机理</title><p>对CDs-OPD体系的荧光光谱进行扫描(图4左)，以260 nm激发波长条件下，CDs-OPD分别在295 nm、440 nm、580 nm处出现三个荧光发射峰，Cu<sup>2+</sup>与CDs-OPD发生相互作用，使得CDs-OPD在295 nm处的荧光强度降低。从图4可以看出，往CDs-OPD体系中加入一定量的Cu<sup>2+</sup>时，随着加入的Cu<sup>2+</sup>含量不断加大，CDs-OPD在295 nm处的荧光发射峰强度不断下降，而且荧光强度降低值与体系中加入的Cu<sup>2+</sup>含量成线性关系，这可能是由于Cu<sup>2+</sup>对CDs-OPD具有较强的络合作用，高浓度的Cu<sup>2+</sup>使得猝灭作用不断增强，从而导致荧光强度降低程度逐渐变大。</p><p>图3. CDs和CDs-OPD的FT-IR光谱</p><p>图4. CDs-OPD的荧光猝灭趋势图(左，CDs-OPD (60 μL)，25℃，5 min，BR缓冲溶液(pH 9.0))和CDs-OPD荧光探针的选择性(干扰离子浓度均为100 ng∙mL<sup>−1</sup>) (右，CDs-OPD (60 μL)，BR缓冲溶液(pH 9.0)，25℃，5 min)</p><p>往CDs-OPD中加入不同类型的金属离子(浓度均为100 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>)，并用BR溶液定容。然后以260 nm为激发波长，测量295 nm处的荧光发射峰强度，结果如图4右所示，除了Co<sup>2+</sup>、Ni<sup>2+</sup>对CDs-OPD体系的荧光有小幅度影响外，其余大部分的金属离子基本不对CDs-OPD体系的荧光产生影响，加入Cu<sup>2+</sup>后，对CDs-OPD体系的荧光强度影响最大，说明CDs-OPD中的基团对Cu<sup>2+</sup>具有较高的选择性。</p></sec><sec id="s5_3"><title>3.3. CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup>传感体系的优化</title><p>对影响荧光降低程度的pH值进行了优化。如图5左可知，当pH由弱酸性变化至碱性时(6~8.0)，CDs-OPD体系和CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup>体系的荧光强度均快速增大；当pH由碱性变化至强碱性时(8~10.0)，CDs-OPD体系的荧光强度值在pH为9.0时最大，而此时CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup>体系的荧光强度值最小，此时荧光强度降低程度最大，所以选择9.0作为反应的pH。</p><p>图5. pH对∆F值的影响(左，CDs-OPD (60 μL)，Cu<sup>2+</sup> (100 ng∙mL<sup>−1</sup>)，BR缓冲溶液，25℃，5 min)和时间对∆F值的影响(右，CDs-OPD (60 μL)，Cu<sup>2+</sup> (100 ng∙mL<sup>−1</sup>)，BR缓冲溶液(pH 9.0)，25℃)</p><p>如图5右所示，1~10 min内，CDs-OPD体系的荧光强度保持不变，CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup>体系的荧光强度在5 min时荧光值最低，此时荧光减低程度最大，因此选择5 min作为Cu<sup>2+</sup>猝灭CDs-OPD的反应时间。</p></sec><sec id="s5_4"><title>3.4. 干扰离子的影响</title><p>根据实验方法，研究了多种干扰离子(100 ng∙mL<sup>−1</sup>)对CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup>体系荧光强度的影响。这里我们规定当CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup> + 干扰离子体系的荧光强度变化值F<sub>2</sub>值小于CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup>体系的荧光强度变化值<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2950477x19_hanspub.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>值的偏差小于 &#177;10%时，符合该条件的干扰离子最大浓度则为该干扰离子最大允许浓度。所考察的常见干扰离子的最大允许浓度列于表1，从表1可以看出，绝大部分的离子对CDs-OPD + Cu<sup>2+</sup>分析体系没有干扰。</p><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> The interference tolerance of metal ion</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >干扰离子</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >浓度(μg∙mL<sup>−1</sup>)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >干扰离子</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >浓度(μg∙mL<sup>−1</sup>)</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Fe<sup>3+</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Zn<sup>2+</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ca<sup>2+</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Pb<sup>2+</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mg<sup>2+</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Co<sup>2+</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.4</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>表1. 干扰离子的最大允许浓度</p><p>Continued</p></sec><sec id="s5_5"><title>3.5. 实际样品分析</title><p>将该方法应用于三种茶叶样品中痕量Cu<sup>2+</sup>的测定，分析结果和加标回收实验结果列于表2。加标回收率在91.5%~108.5%之间，表明该方法具有较好的灵敏度和准确性。</p><table-wrap id="table2" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref></label><caption><title> Determination of Cu2+ in tea samples (n = 3, mean &#177; SD, &#181;g g−1</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" ></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >加入值(μg g<sup>−1</sup>)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >检测值(μg g<sup>−1</sup>)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >回收率(%)</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="3"  >茶叶(龙井)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >24.2 &#177; 1.6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >42.5 &#177; 2.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >91.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >40</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >64.9 &#177; 5.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >101.8</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="3"  >茶叶(铁观音)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >45.7 &#177; 3.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >64.8 &#177; 3.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >95.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >40</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >83.5 &#177; 5.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >94.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="3"  >茶叶(黑茶)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >16.9 &#177; 0.6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >38.6 &#177; 1.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >108.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >40</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >55.7 &#177; 2.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >97.0</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>表2. 茶叶中痕量Cu<sup>2+</sup>测定(n = 3, mean &#177; SD, &#181;g g<sup>−1</sup>)</p></sec></sec><sec id="s6"><title>4. 结论</title><p>以柠檬酸为碳源，通过水热法制备CDs，以邻苯二胺对CDs进行表面修饰，得到了邻苯二胺修饰CDs (CDs-OPD)，所得CDs-OPD在260 nm激发波长条件下，具有295 nm、440 nm、580 nm三个荧光发射峰，Cu<sup>2+</sup>与CDs-OPD相互作用，使得CDs-OPD在295 nm处的荧光峰强度降低，基于此实现了对茶叶中痕量铜的测定，该方法具有操作简单、准确定量的特点。</p></sec><sec id="s7"><title>基金项目</title><p>河南工业大学科教融合项目：掺杂碳量子点的制备及其食品分析应用。</p></sec><sec id="s8"><title>文章引用</title><p>黄飞宏,孙巍巍,严民民,柳金枝,张兰兰,胡冰倩,李清媛,雷雯,郑彬,向国强. 邻苯二胺修饰碳量子点的制备及其对茶叶中痕量铜的分析应用Determination of Copper in Tea Samples by Phenylenediamine Modified Carbon Dots[J]. 自然科学, 2019, 07(03): 88-95. https://doi.org/10.12677/OJNS.2019.73014</p></sec><sec id="s9"><title>参考文献</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="hanspub.29660-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Zhang, Y.H., Zhang, H.S., Guo, X.F., et al. 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