<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">APP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied  Physics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2160-7567</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12677/APP.2019.98044</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">APP-31682</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>APP20190800000_85749707.pdf</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>数学与物理</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  基于CdS薄膜的柔性光探测器研究
   CdS Film-Based Flexible Photodetectors
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>陈</surname><given-names>红蕾</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>盛</surname><given-names>俊华</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>彭</surname><given-names>锐</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>叶</surname><given-names>传瑶</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>王</surname><given-names>敏</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>合肥工业大学，材料科学与工程学院，安徽 合肥</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>null</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>09</volume><issue>08</issue><fpage>373</fpage><lpage>378</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   
   本文采用电子束蒸发镀膜法在PET柔性衬底上制备出基于CdS薄膜的柔性光探测器。PET对高温有敏感性，利用电子束蒸发镀膜方法可以在低温下制备出CdS薄膜。运用XRD、拉曼光谱和AFM对PET上CdS薄膜进行表征，结果表明所制备的薄膜致密性好、性能优异。批量制备器件，在偏压为1 V，光功率为365 nm的紫外光源照射条件下进行光响应性能测试，获得的光电流为0.347 μA，响应度达到17.35 A/W。对器件在不同弯曲应变下进行测试。统计测试数据显示CdS薄膜柔性光探测器件在0.08%~0.12%应变下，弯曲前后光电流变化较小，表明CdS薄膜柔性光探测器在应变为~0.1%下性能稳定。 CdS film-based flexible photodetectors were fabricated by depositing CdS films on flexible PET substrate in combination with evaporating the Au/Cr electrodes using the shadow mask. PET is sensitive to high temperature and films can be deposited at low temperature by e-beam evaporation method. The as-produced CdS films were characterized by XRD, Raman and AFM, and the results show that the preparation of CdS films with good compactness has been succeeded on PET by e-beam evaporation method. The photoresponse properties were tested under the irradiation of a 365 nm ultraviolet light with power of 1 mW/cm2
    under a bias voltage of 1 V. The obtained photocurrent and calculated responsivity are 0.347 μA and 17.35 A/W, respectively. Finally, the devices were tested under bending with different strains for 1 h. The statistics results show that the photocurrents of the CdS film-based flexible photodetectors have little to no change before and after bending under the strain of 0.08% to 0.12%, indicating that the devices have stable performance under the strain of ~0.1%. 
  
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>电子束蒸镀，PET衬底，CdS薄膜，柔性光探测器，光电流,  Electron Beam Evaporation</kwd><kwd> PET Substrate</kwd><kwd> CdS Films</kwd><kwd> Flexible Photodetector</kwd><kwd> Photocurrent</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>基于CdS薄膜的柔性光探测器研究<sup> </sup></title><p>陈红蕾，盛俊华，彭锐，叶传瑶，王敏<sup>*</sup></p><p>合肥工业大学，材料科学与工程学院，安徽 合肥</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/3-1270476x1_hanspub.png" /></p><p>收稿日期：2019年7月22日；录用日期：2019年8月6日；发布日期：2019年8月13日</p><disp-formula id="hanspub.31682-formula26"><graphic xlink:href="//html.hanspub.org/file/3-1270476x5_hanspub.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s2"><title>摘 要</title><p>本文采用电子束蒸发镀膜法在PET柔性衬底上制备出基于CdS薄膜的柔性光探测器。PET对高温有敏感性，利用电子束蒸发镀膜方法可以在低温下制备出CdS薄膜。运用XRD、拉曼光谱和AFM对PET上CdS薄膜进行表征，结果表明所制备的薄膜致密性好、性能优异。批量制备器件，在偏压为1 V，光功率为365 nm的紫外光源照射条件下进行光响应性能测试，获得的光电流为0.347 μA，响应度达到17.35 A/W。对器件在不同弯曲应变下进行测试。统计测试数据显示CdS薄膜柔性光探测器件在0.08%~0.12%应变下，弯曲前后光电流变化较小，表明CdS薄膜柔性光探测器在应变为~0.1%下性能稳定。</p><p>关键词 :电子束蒸镀，PET衬底，CdS薄膜，柔性光探测器，光电流</p><disp-formula id="hanspub.31682-formula27"><graphic xlink:href="//html.hanspub.org/file/3-1270476x7_hanspub.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Copyright &#169; 2019 by authors and Hans Publishers Inc.</p><p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).</p><p>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/3-1270476x8_hanspub.png" /> <img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/3-1270476x9_hanspub.png" /></p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>1. 引言</title><p>近年来，柔性显示、可穿戴和可折叠设备越来越受到人们的重视，柔性薄膜光探测器件逐渐进入人们的视野，并广泛应用于智能控制、电子设备、航天航空等领域中 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref1">1</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref2">2</xref>] 。CdS是直接带隙的II-VI族化合物半导体材料，能隙宽度为2.42 eV，能隙较宽，吸收系数较高，吸收系数在10<sup>4</sup>~10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>，在350~500 nm的波长范围内，CdS有较好的吸收 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref3">3</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref4">4</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref5">5</xref>] ，常作为光探测器的光吸收层材料。聚对苯二甲酸乙二纯酯(PET)具有良好的机械性能、耐化学腐蚀，在可见光范围内有很高的透过率，因此PET是良好的柔性衬底材料 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref6">6</xref>] ，但PET不耐高温，高温下容易产生塑性变形 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref7">7</xref>] 。电子束蒸发法镀膜温度较低，且操作步骤简单，薄膜的质量好，膜厚容易控制，所以采用电子束蒸发镀膜法在低温下制备CdS薄膜。并利用掩膜板蒸镀电极，构筑光探测器阵列。对制备出的柔性器件进行形貌结构分析，研究弯曲前后光响应性能。</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>2. 实验</title><p>实验采用厚度为50 μm尺寸大小为6 cm &#215; 8 cm的PET (聚对苯二甲酸乙二纯酯)作为衬底，经过丙酮和乙醇各超声清洗5 min，清洗PET表面灰尘和杂质，空气枪吹干，用等离子清洗机清洗15 min，去除表面的有机物和残余杂质等，确保PET衬底洁净、有亲水性。将清洗好的PET用沟道宽度为40 μm的条带掩膜板贴紧，在电子束蒸发镀膜机的基板上固定好。设置好蒸镀参数，蒸镀100 nm的CdS条带薄膜。将制备好的CdS条带薄膜/PET样品取出，剪下一部分，分别进行XRD，拉曼，AFM测试分析，其余的CdS条带薄膜/PET，条带与相匹配的沟道长度50 μm的电极阵列掩膜板贴合，在CdS条带薄膜/PET上分别蒸镀10 nm Cr和100 nm Au作为电极。制备出的样品自上而下的结构为：电极/CdS条带薄膜/PET，同时具备电极阵列，制备出CdS薄膜柔性光探测器。</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>3. 实验结果分析</title><p>图1是100 nm CdS薄膜/PET衬底的XRD衍射图谱(a)和实验选用的PET衬底的XRD衍射图谱(b)。在CdS的衍射图谱中在23.1˚、26.4˚、43.7˚、47.8˚和52.1˚的位置上有5个衍射峰，其中，26.4˚、43.7˚和52.1˚的峰为立方晶CdS衍射峰，分别对于立方晶的(111)、(220)和(311)晶面。47.8˚对应的为六方晶CdS衍射峰，对应的六方晶面为(103)晶面，23.1˚对应的峰为基底PET的衍射峰。可见电子束蒸发镀膜所得的CdS薄膜为立方晶和六方晶混合结构。其中立方晶的占比远远多于六方晶，大部分的CdS薄膜的结构为立方晶结构，衍射图谱没有出现明显的杂峰，表明样品纯度较高，没有其他杂质和衍生物。</p><p>图1. (a)PET基底上的100 nm厚CdS薄膜的XRD图，(b) PET衬底的XRD图</p><p>图2是100 nm CdS薄膜/PET衬底图2(a)和PET衬底图2(b)的拉曼光谱。可见在去除衬底PET的特征峰后，可明显的观察到CdS拉曼光谱的两个纵光子声学特征峰 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref8">8</xref>] ，分别位于301.4 cm<sup>−1</sup>和601.6 cm<sup>−1</sup>处，特征峰明显且清楚，说明其结晶性好，膜的质量高。</p><p>图2. (a) PET基底上的100 nm厚CdS薄膜拉曼光谱，(b) PET衬底的拉曼光谱</p><p>图3为原子力显微镜对PET衬底上100 nm CdS薄膜进行观察并拟合所得到的2D图像图3(a)和3D图像图3(b)，通过表面粗糙度计算，Rq = 1.32 nm，Ra = 1.05 nm，可见蒸镀在PET上的CdS薄膜牢固且表面突起幅度小，生成的薄膜粒径大小均匀，具有良好的结晶性和致密性。</p><p>图3. PET基底上100 nm厚CdS薄膜的(a) 2D和(b) 3DAFM图</p><p>CdS薄膜柔性光探测器件在偏压为1 V，光功率为1 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>的波长为365 nm的紫外光源照射条件下进行光探测性能测试。光响应度(R<sub>λ</sub>)是光电探测器基本性能的参数之一。计算公式：R<sub>λ</sub> = ∆I/PS [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref9">9</xref>] ，其中∆I (光电流)是光源照射下的电流与暗电流之差，P是照射光源的功率。S是薄膜受光照的有效区域面积。光暗电导比 = Iph/Idark [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref10">10</xref>] ，比值越大，说明器件响应性能越好。图4是制备好的CdS薄膜柔性光探测器件在不同弯曲应变条件(0%，0.08%，0.12%，0.16%，0.2%)下，弯曲1小时后的归一化电流–时间周期图。在10 s时加光源照射，CdS薄膜吸收光子能量，得到能量的电子跃迁到导带上，形成电子空穴对，提高电导率，使电流迅速上升并稳定。在20 s时撤去光源后，电子和空穴恢复复合，电流以较快的速度下降 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref11">11</xref>] ，重复4组加光–撤光操作得到周期图。未弯曲时∆I = 0.347 μA，R<sub>λ</sub><sub> </sub>= 17.35 A/W，光暗电导比≈1.04。测试得到的R<sub>λ</sub>比白等人制备的CdS薄膜器件探测的响应度高出2个量级 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.31682-ref12">12</xref>] ，说明电子束蒸发镀膜法得到的薄膜质量高，均匀性好。拉伸弯曲产生应变(ε)由公式ε = (t/2R) &#215; 100%计算所得，t是样品PET厚度，R是弯曲时曲率半径。在应变为0.08%下弯曲1小时后，∆I = 0.334 μA，弯曲后光电流与未弯曲时光电流的百分比为96%，表明器件在弯曲前后光电流变化较小。从图4中可以看出，CdS薄膜柔性光探测器件在0.08%、0.12%、0.16%弯曲应变下，光电流基本没有变化。当弯曲应变为0.2%时，光电流变小，但光响应周期仍稳定。光电流下降的原因是，硫化镉薄膜在弯曲过程中，受应力作用会产生细小裂纹，但随着弯曲应变的增加，裂纹逐渐增多，影响载流子的传输，薄膜电阻变大，使得光电流下降。</p><p>图4. CdS薄膜柔性光探测器在不同应变下弯曲前后的电流–时间曲线</p><p>图5是通过掩膜板批量制备好的CdS薄膜柔性光探测器件，分别0.08%、0.12%、0.16%、0.2%的弯曲应变，弯曲1小时，每组应变条件下10个器件弯曲后光电流与未弯曲光电流的百分比统计图。从统计图中可以看出：在0.08%弯曲应变时，器件弯曲后光电流是未弯曲时的96%。弯曲应变0.12%、0.16%下，器件弯曲后光电流仍能达到未弯曲时的83%以上。应变在0.2%时，器件弯曲后光电流是未弯曲时的63.8%。测试结果表明该器件在~0.1%应变下弯曲前后光响应性能稳定，随着应变增加，器件光响应性能越来越不稳定，但仍能正常工作。</p><p>图5. CdS薄膜柔性光探测器在不同应变下弯曲前后的电流-时间曲线</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>4. 结论</title><p>本文通过电子束蒸发镀膜法，低温下在PET衬底上成功制备出CdS薄膜光探测器阵列，且对CdS薄膜柔性光探测器进行了研究。电子束蒸发镀膜法解决了PET不耐高温的问题，制备出的CdS薄膜致密均匀。其光响应测试表明CdS薄膜柔性光探测器阵列光响应度高，在~0.1%应变下弯曲前后光响应性能稳定。该制备方法简单，可批量生产，成本低廉。</p></sec><sec id="s7"><title>基金项目</title><p>国家自然科学基金面上项目(21473047)。</p></sec><sec id="s8"><title>文章引用</title><p>陈红蕾,盛俊华,彭 锐,叶传瑶,王 敏. 基于CdS薄膜的柔性光探测器研究 CdS Film-Based Flexible Photodetectors[J]. 应用物理, 2019, 09(08): 373-378. https://doi.org/10.12677/APP.2019.98044</p></sec><sec id="s9"><title>参考文献</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="hanspub.31682-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Huang, F., Jia, F., Cai, C., et al. (2016) High- and Reproducible-Performance Graphene/II-VI Semiconductor Film Hybrid Photodetectors. 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