<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CC</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Comparative Chemistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2574-4127</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12677/CC.2020.44004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CC-37949</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>CC20200400000_57519362.pdf</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>化学与材料</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  以苯环为母体的耐热炸药的研究进展
  Progress in Heat-Resistant Explosives with Benzene Ring as Matrix
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>张</surname><given-names>梦娇</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>邹</surname><given-names>芳芳</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>张</surname><given-names>行程</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>胡</surname><given-names>文祥</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff4"><addr-line>武汉工程大学化工与制药学院，湖北 武汉；北京神剑天军医学科学院京东祥鹄微波化学联合实验室，北京；中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天系统部，北京</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>武汉工程大学化工与制药学院，湖北 武汉</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>信阳师范学院化学化工学院，河南 信阳</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>null</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>04</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  
    本文详细介绍了常用单质耐热炸药三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)、2,2',4,4',6,6'-六硝基芪(HNS)，2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(PYX)等的性能、合成工艺和优缺点。分三大类介绍了近5年来以苯环为母体的高温耐热炸药的研究进展，列举了具有良好应用前景的高温耐热炸药，如5,5'-二(2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-2,2'-二(1,3,4-恶二唑)(TKX-55)、2-氟-1,3,5-三氨基-4,6-二硝基苯(ZXC-8)、PYX的羟胺盐等。最后阐述了耐热炸药的研究现状。
    The performance, synthesis process, advantages and disadvantages of commonly used elemental heat-resistant explosives 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobeneze (TATB), 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene (HNS), 2,6-hexanitrodiphenyl-amine-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) are introduced in detail. Three major categories were divided to introduce the research progress of high-temperature and heat-resistant explosives with benzene ring as the matrix in the past five years. High-temperature heat-resistant explosives with good application prospects are listed, such as 5,5'-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2'- bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole)(TKX-55), 2-Fluoro-1,3,5-triamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene(ZXC-8), PYX hydroxylamine salts, etc. Finally, the research status of heat-resistant explosives is expounded. 
  
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>耐热炸药，热稳定性，爆轰性能，苯环, Heat-Resistant Explosive</kwd><kwd> Thermal Stability</kwd><kwd> Detonation Performance</kwd><kwd> Benzene</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>摘要</title><p>本文详细介绍了常用单质耐热炸药三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)、2,2',4,4',6,6'-六硝基芪(HNS)，2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(PYX)等的性能、合成工艺和优缺点。分三大类介绍了近5年来以苯环为母体的高温耐热炸药的研究进展，列举了具有良好应用前景的高温耐热炸药，如5,5'-二(2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-2,2'-二(1,3,4-恶二唑)(TKX-55)、2-氟-1,3,5-三氨基-4,6-二硝基苯(ZXC-8)、PYX的羟胺盐等。最后阐述了耐热炸药的研究现状。</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>关键词</title><p>耐热炸药，热稳定性，爆轰性能，苯环</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>Progress in Heat-Resistant Explosives with Benzene Ring as Matrix</title><p>Mengjiao Zhang<sup>1</sup>, Fangfang Zou<sup>1</sup>, Xingcheng Zhang<sup>2*</sup>, Wenxiang Hu<sup>1,3,4*</sup></p><p><sup>1</sup>School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan Hubei</p><p><sup>2</sup>College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang Henan</p><p><sup>3</sup>Jingdong Xianghu Microwave Chemistry Union Laboratory, Beijing Shenjian Tianjun Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing</p><p><sup>4</sup>Aerospace Systems Division, Strategic Support Troops, Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/1-1230035x4_hanspub.png" /></p><p>Received: Sep. 11<sup>th</sup>, 2020; accepted: Sep. 22<sup>nd</sup>, 2020; published: Sep. 29<sup>th</sup>, 2020</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/1-1230035x6_hanspub.png" /></p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>The performance, synthesis process, advantages and disadvantages of commonly used elemental heat-resistant explosives 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobeneze (TATB), 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene (HNS), 2,6-hexanitrodiphenyl-amine-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) are introduced in detail. Three major categories were divided to introduce the research progress of high-temperature and heat-resistant explosives with benzene ring as the matrix in the past five years. High-temperature heat-resistant explosives with good application prospects are listed, such as 5,5'-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2'-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole)(TKX-55), 2-Fluoro-1,3,5-triamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene(ZXC-8), PYX hydroxylamine salts, etc. Finally, the research status of heat-resistant explosives is expounded.</p><p>Keywords:Heat-Resistant Explosive, Thermal Stability, Detonation Performance, Benzene</p><disp-formula id="hanspub.37949-formula1"><graphic xlink:href="//html.hanspub.org/file/1-1230035x7_hanspub.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Copyright &#169; 2020 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.</p><p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).</p><p>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/1-1230035x8_hanspub.png" /> <img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/1-1230035x9_hanspub.png" /></p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>1. 引言</title><p>耐热炸药是指经受长时间高温贮存后仍能有效起爆的一类炸药，这类炸药都具有较高的熔点或热分解温度点 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref1">1</xref>]，一般熔点或热分解温度在300℃以上。因此通常简单地以熔点或热分解温度作为判断耐热炸药的依据，已被广泛应用于非常规油气开发和外层空间的探索中。随着航空航天和对非常规油气资源开采中安全需求的不断发展，对耐热炸药的要求也越来越高。国内外大量研究人员已对耐热炸药的合成及其性能进行了广泛的研究，追求在高热稳定条件下具有高爆轰性能的耐热炸药。1863年，Wilbrand报道了2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)的合成 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref2">2</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref3">3</xref>]，自此开启了人类合成单质炸药的新纪元。一代又一代的专家和学者通过不懈的努力，合成出大量的单质炸药。2015年，周杰文等指出，考虑其性能、成本等因素，常用的耐热炸药只有PYX、HNS、TATB [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref4">4</xref>]。本文仅对PYX、HNS、TATB三种耐热炸药和近五年来获得的热分解温度超过或接近300℃的耐热炸药进行了概括和总结，力求为今后设计和合成新型耐热炸药提供借鉴。</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>2. 常用耐热炸药</title><sec id="s6_1"><title>2.1. 1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯</title><p>Jackson等于1888年首次报道了用1,3,5-三溴-2,4,6-三硝基苯与氨的醇溶液反应制备1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)的方法，这时TATB并没有被作为炸药来使用。随着对TATB性能越来越深入的研究，作为高性能耐热炸药越来越被人们所接受。TATB的密度ρ = 1.937 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>，热分解温度T<sub>d</sub> = 375℃，爆速D = 7.85 km∙s<sup>−1</sup> [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref5">5</xref>]。TATB也是非常钝感的，俗称“木头炸药”，特性落高H<sub>50</sub> ≥ 320 cm (2.5 kg)，有着非常重要的应用，如用作核武器起爆药和油气井开采用民用射孔弹等领域。按所取原料的不同将TATB的合成划分为含氯TATB (包括含溴)和无氯TATB两种合成方法。</p><p>早期的TATB合成都是采用含氯(溴) TATB的合成方法，以均三氯苯(或均三溴苯)为原料，经高温硝化制得中间体1,3,5-三氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯(或1,3,5-三溴-2,4,6-三硝基苯)，再将中间体与氨的醇溶液反应得到产物TATB。由于TATB中含有少量含氯(溴)等副产物 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref6">6</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref7">7</xref>]，TATB的溶解性又非常差而难以除去，导致TATB纯度不高，稳定性较差。</p><p>为解决TATB中含氯化合物对其热稳定性的影响，Mieczyslaw Makosza [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref8">8</xref>] 等于1987年采用VNS成功合成了具多胺基多硝基的芳香化合物TATB。所采用的原料非常易得，工艺简单，反应条件温和，但合成成本加大 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref9">9</xref>]，合成路线如图1。</p><p>图1. TATB合成路线</p></sec><sec id="s6_2"><title>2.2. 2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶</title><p>2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(PYX)的热分解温度达到360℃ [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref10">10</xref>]，特性落高为63 cm (2.5 Kg落锤)，密度为1.77 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>，爆速也达到7450 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>。国内外都采用以苦基氯和二氨基吡啶为主要原料经缩合、100%硝酸硝化等反应来制备的，合成路线如图2 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref11">11</xref>]。PYX为针状晶体 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref12">12</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref13">13</xref>]，成形性差，起爆感度低。国外采用DMSO为溶剂，重结晶制备立方体、球形晶体，能改善成形性和起爆感度。国内使用浓硝酸进行重结晶，由于PYX成形性及感度的缺陷，目前仅被用于石油射孔弹等领域。</p><p>图2. PYX合成路线</p></sec><sec id="s6_3"><title>2.3. 2,2',4,4',6,6'-六硝基芪</title><p>2,2',4,4',6,6'-六硝基芪(HNS)，密度1.74 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>，热分解温度为318℃，黄色晶体，爆速7240 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>，是一种性能较好的耐热炸药。HNS可与其他粘结剂制成新型混合炸药，炸药威力得以提高。由于HNS良好的起爆性能和较好的成形性，使其广泛应用于航天火工品，军民用导爆索，射孔弹、TNT晶型改进剂等领域 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref14">14</xref>]。1964年，Shipp等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref15">15</xref>] 首次报道了用溶解于四氢呋喃-甲醇混合溶液中的TNT与碱性次氯酸盐水溶液反应制备六硝基茋的合成方法。该方法具有操作简便，反应迅速等特点。但是产物收率较低，且溶剂不易回收，致使该方法制备六硝基茋的合成成本较高。E.E.Gilbert等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref16">16</xref>] 于1980年又报道一种六硝基芪的合成方法，该方法主要分为两步：第一步以NaClO溶液为氧化剂，氧化TNT制得2,2',4,4',6,6'-六硝基联苄(HNBB)；第二步在极性非质子性溶剂(如二甲亚砜，N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等)作用下，氧化HNBB制得HNS。陆明 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref17">17</xref>] 等对上述合成方法进行了改进，他们以苯和吡啶为溶剂，以液溴作为氧化剂来制备HNS，合成路线如图3。“两步法”的成本较低，收率提高，但对环境的污染加大。</p><p>图3. HNS合成路线</p></sec></sec><sec id="s7"><title>3. 耐热炸药研究进展</title><p>基于这些耐热炸药的结构特点，将它们分为单环类，多环类，杯芳烃类。</p><sec id="s7_1"><title>3.1. 基于单苯环类耐热炸药的研究</title><p>单苯类耐热炸药是指化合物中只含有一个苯环的化合物，这是研究最早至今仍被广泛使用的一类含能材料，对人类社会来说具有重要的意义。</p><p>2019年，张行程等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref18">18</xref>] 报道了关于2-氟-1,3-二氨基-4,6-二硝基苯(ZXC-7)和2-氟-1,3,5-三氨基-4,6-二硝基苯(ZXC-8)的合成方法。ZXC-7和ZXC-8结构与耐热炸药TATB的结构非常相似，它们的热分解温度分别为294.24℃和304.86℃；密度分别1.83 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>，1.85 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>；爆速分别为7190 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>和7220 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>；爆压分别为22.62 GPa和22.83 GPa，略低于TATB，但要高于三硝基甲苯(TNT)。ZXC-7和ZXC-8的爆轰性能和热稳定性尽管比TATB要差一些，但是ZXC-7和ZXC-8合成方法要比TATB简单，产物的在大多数常用溶剂中的溶解性都比较好，易于纯化。ZXC-7和ZXC-8更易于引爆，弥补了TATB作为民用射孔弹因为钝感而难于引爆的缺陷，因而具有潜在应用前景，合成路线如图4。</p><p>图4. ZXC-7和ZXC-8的合成路线</p></sec><sec id="s7_2"><title>3.2. 多环类耐热炸药研究</title><p>多环类耐热炸药是由多个具芳香性的环直接或间接偶连在一起所形成的耐热炸药。</p><p>2016年，Klap&#246;tke等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref19">19</xref>] 报道了5,5'-二(2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-2,2'-二(1,3,4-恶二唑) (TKX-55)的合成方法，TKX-55是以2,4,6-三硝基甲苯为原料，在硝酸和次氯酸钠共同作用下将2,4,6-三硝基甲苯氧化为2,4,6-三硝基苯甲酸，再将酰氯化的2,4,6-三硝基苯甲酰氯与乙二酰肼作用，再通过成环反应得到目标化合物TKX-55，具体合成路线见图5。</p><p>TKX-55是一种热稳定性较好、密度较高的耐热炸药，经测定其热分解温度达到335℃，室温下的密度为1.837 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup> (尽管在227 K下的单晶密度只有1.625 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>)。此外，TKX-55含氮量超过PYX和HNS，达到25.0%，爆速和爆压值均高于HNS和PYX炸药，分别为8030 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>和27.3 GPa。尽管TKX-55对摩擦不敏感，但是撞击感度值还是较低的，只有5 J。</p><p>图5. TKX-55合成路线</p></sec><sec id="s7_3"><title>3.3. 杯芳烃类含能化合物</title><sec id="s7_3_1"><title>3.3.1. 1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-八硝基-2,4,6,8-四氧桥连-1,3,5,7(1,3)-杯[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref4">4</xref>]芳烃</title><p>1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-八硝基-2,4,6,8-四氧桥连-1,3,5,7(1,3)-杯[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref4">4</xref>]芳烃(ONTOTBCO)是一类以杯芳烃为母体的新型耐热炸药，爆速为7865 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>，热分解温度为375.50℃，爆压为28.9 GPa，与TATB相当，远高于PYX和HNS。ONTOTBCO密度为1.75 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>，撞击感度为43 J，都略小于TATB，但高于PYX和HNS [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref20">20</xref>]，表明ONTOTBCO是一种比现有耐热炸药PYX和HNS性能更为优越的耐热炸药。此外，ONTOTBCO的合成简便(图6)，在许多溶剂中都有较好的溶解度，易于纯化，尽管较为钝感，但比TATB又易于引爆，这些良好的特性决定ONTOTBCO具有较好的应用潜力。</p></sec><sec id="s7_3_2"><title>3.3.2. 12,52-二氟-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-八硝基-2,4,6,8-四氧桥连-1,3,5,7(1,3)-杯(4)芳烃</title><p>张行程等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref21">21</xref>] 于2020年首次报道了1<sup>2</sup>,5<sup>2</sup>-二氟-1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-八硝基-2,4,6,8-四氧桥连-1,3,5,7(1,3)-杯(4)芳烃(ZXC-20)的合成方法，并对其性能进行了详细的研究。ZXC-20是另一种杯芳烃类含能化合物，其合成方法与ONTOTBCO相似，也是非常简便的(图7)。ZXC-20热分解温度为333.76℃，比ONTOTBCO低了近42℃，但其爆速和爆压由于氟原子存在而高于ONTOTBCO和TATB，分别为8070 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>，30.7 GPa。ZXC-20室温下的密度也达到了1.912 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>，非常接近于TATB的1.937 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>，远高于ONTOTBCO的密度。此外，ZXC-20撞击感度值(61 J)也高于ONTOTBCO，但依然低于TATB，可见ZXC-20也是一种重要耐热炸药。</p><p>图6. ONTOTBCO合成路线</p><p>图7. ZXC-20合成路线</p></sec></sec><sec id="s7_4"><title>3.4. 高稳定性的含能离子盐</title><p>高能离子盐研究的较多，可作为耐热炸药的高稳定性离子盐却鲜有报道。2016年，Klap&#246;tke [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref22">22</xref>] 报道了PYX的羟胺盐(图8)，该化合物的热分解温度为333.0℃，爆速为7912 m∙s<sup>−1</sup>，爆压为26.4 GPa。这些值都高于常用耐热炸药HNS，尽管密度只有1.71 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup> (表1)。这些数据表明PYX的羟胺盐有着较好应用潜力，具有重要研究意义，表1列举了已发现的具有较好应用前景的耐热炸药部分性能参数。</p><p>图8. PYX的羟胺盐合成路线</p><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Most promising heat-resistant explosives and their propertie</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >compound</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >molecular formula</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >M.W.<sup>1</sup>/ g∙mol<sup>−1</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >IS<sup>2</sup>/J</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >FS<sup>3</sup>/N<sup> </sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >ρ<sup>4</sup>/g∙cm<sup>−3</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Δ<sub>f</sub>Hm<sup>5</sup>/ kJ∙mol<sup>−1</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Δ<sub>f</sub>U<sup>6</sup>/ KJ∙kg<sup>−1</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >T<sub>d</sub><sup>7</sup>/℃</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >V<sub>C-J</sub><sup>8</sup>/m∙s<sup>−1</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >P<sub>C-J</sub><sup>9</sup>/GPa</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >ZXC-7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FN<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >216.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >60</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.83</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >377.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4593</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >294</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7190</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >22.6<sup>10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >ZXC-8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>FN<sub>5</sub>O<sub>4</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >231.04</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >60</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.85</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >423.8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4355</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >304</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7220</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >22.8<sup>11</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >TATB</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub>O<sub>6</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >258.05</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >&gt;60</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.94</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >455.78<sup>12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5181<sup>12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >375</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7880<sup>12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >27.9<sup>12</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >PYX</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N<sub>11</sub>O<sub>16</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >621.34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.76</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >43.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4993</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7713</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >24.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >HNS</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub>O<sub>12</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >450.23</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >240</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.74</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >78.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5263</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >318</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7545</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >23.6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >TKX-55</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>10</sub>O<sub>14</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >560.26</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.84</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >197.6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4961</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >335</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >8030</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >27.3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >ONTOTBCO</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>8</sub>O<sub>20</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >728.36</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >43</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.75</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >618.6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >375</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7865</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >28.9</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >ZXC-20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>8</sub>F<sub>2</sub>O<sub>20</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >764.34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >61</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >360</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.91</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1000.6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >334</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >8070</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >29.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >PYX∙2NH<sub>2</sub>OH</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>13</sub>N<sub>13</sub>O<sub>18</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >687.36</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >324</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.71</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >382.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5659</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >333</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7910</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >26.4</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>表1. 最有前途的耐热炸药及其性能</p><p>Note: <sup>1</sup>Molecular weight. <sup>2</sup>Impact sensitivity (BAM drophammer, <sup>3</sup>Friction sensitivity (BAM drophammer, method 1 of 6). <sup>4</sup>Density at 298 K. <sup>5</sup>Standard molar enthalpy of formation. <sup>6</sup>Heat of detonation. <sup>7</sup>Temperature of decomposition. <sup>8</sup>Detonation velocity. <sup>9</sup>Detonation pressure [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref10">10</xref>]. The calculated value of detonation pressure when the density is 1.76 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup> [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref11">11</xref>]. The calculated value of detonation pressure when the density is 1.77 g∙cm<sup>−3</sup> [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref12">12</xref>]. The calculated value at ρ = 1.83 [g∙cm<sup>−3</sup>].</p></sec></sec><sec id="s8"><title>4. 结论</title><p>由于芳香环特殊的不饱和环状结构，多硝基芳香族化合物具有较好的热安定性。近年来，随着航空航天和地下开采技术的发展，开发具有更好的热稳定性新型耐热爆炸材料是现代军事和民用领域的研究热点，目前大多耐热炸药还处在实验室的科研阶段，存在着生产成本昂贵、工艺复杂、对环境污染较大等问题，无法工业化生产。因此，科研工作者仍需对单质耐热炸药进行各方面的深入研究 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref23">23</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref24">24</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.37949-ref25">25</xref>]，以取得更好的成果。</p></sec><sec id="s9"><title>文章引用</title><p>张梦娇,邹芳芳,张行程,胡文祥. 以苯环为母体的耐热炸药的研究进展Progress in Heat-Resistant Explosives with Benzene Ring as Matrix[J]. 比较化学, 2020, 04(04): 27-34. https://doi.org/10.12677/CC.2020.44004</p></sec><sec id="s10"><title>参考文献</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="hanspub.37949-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">吕春绪. 耐热硝基芳烃化学[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.37949-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Wilbrand, J. 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