<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JA</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Antennas</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2325-2227</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12677/JA.2023.124006</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JA-74274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>JA20230400000_66284210.pdf</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>信息通讯</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  一款应用于5G的圆极化微带相控阵列天线设计
  Design of a Circularly Polarized Microstrip Phased Array for 5G Applications
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>倪</surname><given-names>涛</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>陈</surname><given-names>官韬</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>伊</surname><given-names>良镛</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>西安电子科技大学电子工程学院，陕西 西安</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>西安导航技术研究所，陕西 西安</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>null</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>04</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  本文提出一种用于5G通信的圆极化微带相控阵列天线。首先，提出并设计了一款双馈点的圆极化微带天线单元，在无限周期阵中的仿真结果表明，该阵列单元在两个主平面实现 &#177; 30度的扫描，在3.4~3.7 GHz频段内的反射系数S11 &lt; −10和轴比AR &lt; 3.5 dB。最后，设计了一款7 &#215; 7圆极化微带阵列天线，仿真结果表明，该阵列天线工作在3.4~3.7 GHz频段，在扫描范围内的轴比均小于3 dB，且在扫描范围内增益变化平稳，实现了良好的圆极化扫描特性。
   This article proposes a circularly polarized microstrip phased array antenna for 5G communication. Firstly, a doubly-fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna unit was proposed and designed. Sim-ulation results in an infinite periodic array showed that the array unit achieved &#177; 30 degree scan-ning on two main planes, with a reflection coefficient of S11 &lt; −10 dB and the axial ratio of AR &lt; 3.5 dB in the 3.4~3.7 GHz frequency band. Finally, a 7 &#215; 7 microstrip array antenna was designed, and the simulation results showed that the array antenna operated in the 3.4~3.7 GHz frequency band. The axial ratio within the scanning range is less than 3dB, and the gain changes smoothly within the scanning range, achieving good circularly polarized scanning characteristics.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>微带天线，圆极化，相控阵, Microstrip Antenna</kwd><kwd> Circularly Polarized</kwd><kwd> Phased Array</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>摘要</title><p>本文提出一种用于5G通信的圆极化微带相控阵列天线。首先，提出并设计了一款双馈点的圆极化微带天线单元，在无限周期阵中的仿真结果表明，该阵列单元在两个主平面实现 &#177; 30度的扫描，在3.4~3.7 GHz频段内的反射系数S11 &lt; −10和轴比AR &lt; 3.5 dB。最后，设计了一款7 &#215; 7圆极化微带阵列天线，仿真结果表明，该阵列天线工作在3.4~3.7 GHz频段，在扫描范围内的轴比均小于3 dB，且在扫描范围内增益变化平稳，实现了良好的圆极化扫描特性。</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>关键词</title><p>微带天线，圆极化，相控阵</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>Design of a Circularly Polarized Microstrip Phased Array for 5G Applications<sup> </sup></title><p>Tao Ni<sup>1</sup>, Guantao Chen<sup>1</sup>, Liangyong Yi<sup>2</sup></p><p><sup>1</sup>The Xi’an Research Institute of Navigation Technology, Xi’an Shaanxi</p><p><sup>2</sup>School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an Shaanxi</p><p>Received: Sep. 16<sup>th</sup>, 2023; accepted: Oct. 16<sup>th</sup>, 2023; published: Oct. 25<sup>th</sup>, 2023</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>This article proposes a circularly polarized microstrip phased array antenna for 5G communication. Firstly, a doubly-fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna unit was proposed and designed. Simulation results in an infinite periodic array showed that the array unit achieved &#177; 30 degree scanning on two main planes, with a reflection coefficient of S11 &lt; −10 dB and the axial ratio of AR &lt; 3.5 dB in the 3.4~3.7 GHz frequency band. Finally, a 7 &#215; 7 microstrip array antenna was designed, and the simulation results showed that the array antenna operated in the 3.4~3.7 GHz frequency band. The axial ratio within the scanning range is less than 3dB, and the gain changes smoothly within the scanning range, achieving good circularly polarized scanning characteristics.</p><p>Keywords:Microstrip Antenna, Circularly Polarized, Phased Array</p><p>Copyright &#169; 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.</p><p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).</p><p>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2660092x5_hanspub.png?20231026100701003" /> <img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/2-2660092x6_hanspub.png?20231026100701003" /></p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>1. 引言</title><p>相控阵天线多采用线极化形式，然而与线极化相比，圆极化有诸多的优点 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref1">1</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref2">2</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref3">3</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref4">4</xref>] ：如圆极化可以抑制雨雾影响、有效避免多径效应带来的衰减，同时能够减小极化失配带来的损失，而且圆极化天线的信道容量更大，已广泛用于卫星导航 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref1">1</xref>] 、移动通信 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref4">4</xref>] 等领域。因此，圆极化相控阵天线在电子通信系统会得到越来越多的应用。然而，圆极化阵列天线设计比较困难，这是由于天线单元组阵后，单元之间的耦合往往会对轴比带宽产生较大影响。因而，如何能在相控阵天线中提出一种结构形式简单、馈电方式简单，且具有圆极化特性的波束扫描性能的天线成为了当前的设计难点。</p><p>在文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref5">5</xref>] 中，作者提出了一种可以有效扩展频带的堆叠微带圆极化阵列，但其波束扫描范围较窄。在文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref6">6</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref7">7</xref>] 中，使用宽波束宽度单元来获得较大角度的扫描阵列。在文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref8">8</xref>] 中，使用了一种有效的馈电网络来实现宽角扫描电阻匹配，但当扫描角度较大时，电性能会变得更差。此外，同心阵列也可以用于波束扫描，但其轮廓相对较高 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref9">9</xref>] 。在文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref10">10</xref>] 中，提出了一种用于3.4~3.8 GHz频带的基站阵列天线。该阵列的单元采用蝴蝶形状的，可以在实现45度的扫描波束，但阵中单元在较大角度扫描时反射系数较差。</p><p>本文设计了一种圆极化微带相扫描控阵天线。通过加载金属解耦柱和加载缺陷地结构，有效地扩展了微带天线单元的带宽和波束宽度。在所设计的单元的基础上，设计了一款7 &#215; 7微带圆极化阵列天线。该阵列天线工作在3.4~3.7 GHz频段，扫描在&#177;30度的轴比均小于3 dB，且在扫描范围内增益变化比较平稳，实现了良好的圆极化扫描特性。关于阵列设计和仿真结果的详细信息将在以下章节中介绍。</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>2. 天线设计</title><sec id="s6_1"><title>2.1. 天线单元结构与原理分析</title><p>天线的几何结构如图1所示。图1(b)为下部衬底(FR4 ε<sub>r</sub> = 2.65, h<sub>1</sub> = 0.8 mm)底部的一分二威尔金森功分器。辐射贴片位于上部衬底(Rogers4003 ε<sub>r</sub> = 3.55, h<sub>2</sub> = 3.5 mm)的顶部。天线的圆极化性能是由采用两个相互垂直的输入馈电点，在空间上产生90度的相位差，同时为保证两馈电点的入射波幅度一致，辐射贴片采用关于两馈电点中心线对称的结构。位于基板中间的四个金属柱可以有效降低两个端口间的隔离度，从而进一步提高天线的圆极化性能。微带天线是由辐射元、介质层和参考地组成，微带天线的具体尺寸可以使用以下公式进行估算，贴片宽带W，即：</p><p>W = c 2 f ( ε r + 1 2 ) − 1 2</p><p>式中，c为光速。</p><p>辐射贴片的长度L一般取 λ g / 2 ， λ g 为波导波长：</p><p>λ g = c f ε e</p><p>考虑到边缘效应的影响，实际的辐射单元长度 λ c 应为：</p><p>λ c = c 2 f ε e − 2 Δ L</p><p>其中，有效介电常数 ε e ，等效辐射缝隙长度ΔL，计算公式如下：</p><p>ε e = ε r + 1 2 + ε r − 1 2 ( 1 + 12 h b ) − 1 2</p><p>Δ L = 0.412 h ( ε e + 0.3 ) ( b / h + 0.264 ) ( ε e − 0.258 ) ( b / h + 0.8 )</p><p>通常，介质板的厚度h需要满足以下公式：</p><p>h ≤ 0.3 c / 2 π f h ε r</p><p>最终通过仿真优化，设计天线的具体参数为：L = 43.2 mm，W = 43.2 mm，R<sub>1</sub> = 2 mm，L<sub>1</sub> = 1.41 mm，W<sub>1</sub> = 1.5 mm，R<sub>2</sub> = 1.1 mm，R<sub>3</sub> = 2.25 mm，W<sub>2</sub> = 2.7 mm，W<sub>3</sub> = 1.5 mm，L<sub>2</sub> = 16 mm，L<sub>3</sub> = 7 mm，L<sub>4</sub> = 3 mm，L<sub>5</sub> = 6 mm。</p><p>图1. 圆极化微带天线单元</p><p>如图1(c)所示的是位于上部衬底采用了蚀刻缺地陷结构的地板 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.74274-ref11">11</xref>] ，缺陷地结构单元由一个圆孔和四个枝节组成。四个缺陷地结构单元对称的嵌入在地板上，等间距地分布在贴片的四角底下。通过加载缺地陷结构可以增大阵列单元在无限周期阵中的扫描角度。</p></sec><sec id="s6_2"><title>2.2. 天线单元仿真结果与分析</title><p>利用HFSS电磁仿真软件中的主从边界设置单元，可以仿真无限大阵列中单元的电磁性能，图2显示的是无线周期边界条件示意图。通过综合仿真和优化，确定了天线的所有结构参数，提出的圆极化天线的性能如图3和图4所示。图3为仿真天线在两个主平面扫描时的反射系数。结果表明，该单元在3.4~3.7 GHz的整个工作频率范围内，&#177;30˚扫描时两主平面的反射系数均小于−10 dB。图4为该天线单元在两个主平面扫描时的轴比。在3.4~3.7 GHz的频段内，该天线单元在两个主平面&#177;30˚扫描时，轴比均小于3.5 dB。图5为两个主平面在3.55 GHz中心频率处的归一化辐射方向图。图6为天线在3.5 GHz时不同时间点的模拟电流分布，可以清楚的看到垂直分支的相位差为90˚，两个正交的LP波叠加辐射CP波，此外，电流在四个相邻的时间点沿顺时针方向流过辐射贴片。从图3~6可以看出，该天线单元具有良好的左旋圆极化性能。</p><p>图2. 周期边界条件示意图</p><p>图3. 阵列单元在不同扫描角度下的反射系数</p><p>图4. 阵列单元在不同扫描角度下的轴比</p><p>图5. 在3.55 GHz时阵列单元在两个主平面的方向图</p><p>图6. 天线在3.55 GHz时不同时间点的模拟电流分布(a) t = 0, (b) t = T/4, (c) t = T/2 and (d) t = 3T/4</p></sec><sec id="s6_3"><title>2.3. 圆极化微带相控阵列天线仿真结果与分析</title><p>为验证所设计阵列单元在阵列中的性能，在提出的圆极化天线单元的基础上，设计了一款7 &#215; 7微带相控阵天线。圆极化微带阵列天线的结构图如图7所示，单元间距dx = 0.51λ<sub>0</sub>，dy = 0.51λ<sub>0</sub>，其中λ<sub>0</sub>为3.55 GHz对应的工作波长。图8~10分别为该圆极化相控阵在3.4 GHz，3.55 GHz和3.7 GHz处不同扫描角度的辐射方向图。图9为阵列在中心频点3.55 GHz处E和H面的波束扫描方向图，阵列的增益为19.21 dBi，E面波束扫描至30度时增益为18.23 dBi，H面波束扫描至30度时增益为18.14 dBi，副瓣电平为−13.0 dB，在整个扫描角度范围内增益下降为1 dBi，增益变化比较平稳。</p><p>表1给出了两主平面&#177;30˚扫描范围内3.4 GHz、3.55 GHz和3.7 GHz天线阵列的轴比结果。仿真结果表明该阵列天线在整个波束扫描过程中，各频率点的轴比均小于3 dB。从图8~10和表1可以看出，所提出的圆极化微带相控阵列具有良好的圆极化性能和波束扫描能力。</p><p>图7. 圆极化微带相控阵列天线结构示意图</p><p>图8. 在3.4 GHz时微带相控阵列在两个主平面的方向图</p><p>图9. 在3.55 GHz时微带相控阵列在两个主平面的方向图</p><p>图10. 在3.7 GHz时微带相控阵列在两个主平面的方向图</p><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> The Axis Ratio Statistics of the proposed microstrip antenna at different scanning angel</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >切面</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >扫描角度(deg)</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="3"  >轴比(dB)</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.4 GHz</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.55 GHz</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.7 GHz</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="4"  >φ = 0˚</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.21</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.41</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.75</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.35</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.8</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >30</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.93</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.28</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="4"  >φ = 90˚</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.21</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.61</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.03</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.29</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.06</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >30</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.88</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.06</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.43</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>表1. 微带相控阵列在不同扫描角度时的轴比</p></sec></sec><sec id="s7"><title>3. 结论</title><p>本文设计了一种用于5G通信的圆极化微带相控阵天线，通过加载金属解耦柱和加载缺陷地结构，有效地扩展了微带天线的带宽和波束宽度，实现了该圆极化阵列天线的波束扫描特性。仿真结果表明，该阵列天线在3.4~3.7 GHz工作频率范围内可实现&#177;30度的扫描特性，而且轴比均小于3 dB。该天线设计思路简洁，电性能良好，对解决5G通信相控阵天线的波束扫描问题具有一定的研究价值。</p></sec><sec id="s8"><title>文章引用</title><p>倪 涛,陈官韬,伊良镛. 一款应用于5G的圆极化微带相控阵列天线设计Design of a Circularly Polarized Microstrip Phased Array for 5G Applications[J]. 天线学报, 2023, 12(04): 49-56. https://doi.org/10.12677/JA.2023.124006</p></sec><sec id="s9"><title>参考文献</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="hanspub.74274-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">邓斌, 王晶晶, 林强, 等. 雷达天线波瓣测量系统平台的设计与实现[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2019, 40(s2): 15-19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.74274-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">尹建勇, 汪云超, 杨鹏. 一种双圆极化宽带天线及其阵列应用 [J]. 电子科技大学学报, 2020, 49(5): 695-699.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.74274-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">刘凡, 赵晓燕, 赵宏志, 等. 一种新型双圆极化平面微带缝隙天线[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2020, 47(3): 86-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.74274-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Tripodi, M., Dimarca, F., Cadili, T., et al. 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