<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HJMCe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Hans Journal of Medicinal Chemistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2331-8287</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12677/HJMCe.2024.121004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">HJMCe-81010</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>HJMCe20240100000_35794300.pdf</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>医药卫生</subject><subject> 化学与材料</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  基于网络药理学和实验验证探究苗药弩药治疗膝骨性关节炎的作用机制
  Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation, to Investigate the Mechanism of Action of Miao Medicine and Crossbow in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>谢</surname><given-names>欢</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>刘</surname><given-names>耀</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>杨</surname><given-names>芳芳</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>张</surname><given-names>永萍</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>贵州中医药大学药学院，贵州 贵阳；贵州省中药民族药炮制与制剂工程技术研究中心，贵州 贵阳；国家苗药工程技术研究中心，贵州 贵阳</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>贵州中医药大学药学院，贵州 贵阳</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>null</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>01</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  目的：运用网络药理学及实验研究苗药弩药治疗膝骨性关节炎的潜在的作用机制。方法：通过TCMSP、CNKI、BATMAN-TCM等数据库筛选弩药方潜在活性成分及作用靶点。检索OMIM、Drug bank、TDD及Genecards数据库获取膝骨性关节炎潜在作用靶点，进一步获取弩药方治疗膝骨性关节炎的潜在靶点。采用String数据库结合Cytoscape3.9.2绘制PPI网络。利用Metascape数据库对药物-疾病交集靶点进行GO及KEGG富集分析。采用RT-qPCR检测关节软骨中caspase-9 mRNA的表达。结果：共筛选得到38个活性成分，疾病与潜在活性成分共有143个交集靶点，其中包括ALB、AKT1、VEGFA、JUN、STAT3、MMP9等核心靶点；涉及的主要通路包括肿瘤通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路等，弩药可显著降低关节软骨中caspase-9 mRNA的表达。结论：进一步阐明苗医弩药治疗膝骨性关节炎的潜在作用靶点及通路，有利于了解其作用机制，为后续相关研究奠定了基础。
   Objective: Network pharmacology and experiments were used to study the potential mechanism of action of Miao Medicine and crossbow in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: TCMSP, CNKI and BATMAN-TCM were used to screen potential active components and target of crossbow prescription. Search the OMIM, Drug bank, TDD and Genecards databases for potential targets of osteoarthritis/osteodystrophy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. PPI networks are drawn using String database with Cytoscape 3.9.2. Using Metascape database, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed for drug-disease cross-targets. Results: A total of 38 active components were screened and 143 targets were identified, including ALB, Akt1, VEGFA, Jun, STAT3 and MMP9 The main pathways involved include tumor pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and so on. The expression of caspase-9 mRNA in articular cartilage was significantly decreased by crossbow. Conclusion: Further elucidation of the potential targets and pathways of Miao medicine crossbow medicine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis/osteodystrophy is helpful to understand its mechanism of action and lays a foundation for the follow-up research.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>网络药理学，苗药弩药，膝骨性关节炎, Pharmacology of the Internet</kwd><kwd> Medicine and Crossbow</kwd><kwd> Knee Osteoarthritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>摘要</title><p>目的：运用网络药理学及实验研究苗药弩药治疗膝骨性关节炎的潜在的作用机制。方法：通过TCMSP、CNKI、BATMAN-TCM等数据库筛选弩药方潜在活性成分及作用靶点。检索OMIM、Drug bank、TDD及Genecards数据库获取膝骨性关节炎潜在作用靶点，进一步获取弩药方治疗膝骨性关节炎的潜在靶点。采用String数据库结合Cytoscape3.9.2绘制PPI网络。利用Metascape数据库对药物-疾病交集靶点进行GO及KEGG富集分析。采用RT-qPCR检测关节软骨中caspase-9 mRNA的表达。结果：共筛选得到38个活性成分，疾病与潜在活性成分共有143个交集靶点，其中包括ALB、AKT1、VEGFA、JUN、STAT3、MMP9等核心靶点；涉及的主要通路包括肿瘤通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路等，弩药可显著降低关节软骨中caspase-9 mRNA的表达。结论：进一步阐明苗医弩药治疗膝骨性关节炎的潜在作用靶点及通路，有利于了解其作用机制，为后续相关研究奠定了基础。</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>关键词</title><p>网络药理学，苗药弩药，膝骨性关节炎</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation, to Investigate the Mechanism of Action of Miao Medicine and Crossbow in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis<sup> </sup></title><p>Huan Xie<sup>1</sup>, Yao Liu<sup>1,2,3</sup>, Fangfang Yang<sup>1,2,3</sup>, Yongping Zhang<sup>1,2,3*</sup></p><p><sup>1</sup>Depertment of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou</p><p><sup>2</sup>Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Processing and Formulation Engineering Technology Research Center, Guiyang Guizhou</p><p><sup>3</sup>National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Miao Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou</p><p>Received: Nov. 17<sup>th</sup>, 2023; accepted: Nov. 23<sup>rd</sup>, 2023; published: Feb. 21<sup>st</sup>, 2024</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Objective: Network pharmacology and experiments were used to study the potential mechanism of action of Miao Medicine and crossbow in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: TCMSP, CNKI and BATMAN-TCM were used to screen potential active components and target of crossbow prescription. Search the OMIM, Drug bank, TDD and Genecards databases for potential targets of osteoarthritis/osteodystrophy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. PPI networks are drawn using String database with Cytoscape 3.9.2. Using Metascape database, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed for drug-disease cross-targets. Results: A total of 38 active components were screened and 143 targets were identified, including ALB, Akt1, VEGFA, Jun, STAT3 and MMP9 The main pathways involved include tumor pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and so on. The expression of caspase-9 mRNA in articular cartilage was significantly decreased by crossbow. Conclusion: Further elucidation of the potential targets and pathways of Miao medicine crossbow medicine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis/osteodystrophy is helpful to understand its mechanism of action and lays a foundation for the follow-up research.</p><p>Keywords:Pharmacology of the Internet, Medicine and Crossbow, Knee Osteoarthritis</p><disp-formula id="hanspub.81010-formula28"><graphic xlink:href="//html.hanspub.org/file/4-3070207x5_hanspub.png?20240318083621665"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Copyright &#169; 2024 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.</p><p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).</p><p>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/4-3070207x6_hanspub.png?20240318083621665" /> <img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/4-3070207x7_hanspub.png?20240318083621665" /></p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>1. 引言</title><p>膝骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis, KOA)又称膝退行性骨关节炎、退行性膝关节病、膝关节增生性关节炎等，它以关节软骨进行性退变、滑膜炎症、骨赘及血管翳形成为主要特征，常累及软骨、软骨下骨、关节囊、滑膜等关节重要结构 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref1">1</xref>] ，根据流行病学研究调查显示，KOA占整个骨性关节疾病的83% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref2">2</xref>] ，在我国发病率为0.4% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref3">3</xref>] ，发病因素涉及诸多方面，如年龄、性别、体重、遗传、生活习惯及居住环境等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref4">4</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref5">5</xref>] ，是中老年人膝关节疼痛的最常见原因，且发病率正在逐年增加，严重者可能会导致关节畸形，甚至丧失关节功能，从而影响患者的生活质量及行动能力。</p><p>苗族医药文化起源于数千年前，历经岁月洗礼，形成了其独特的医学理论体系，为我国医药文化中不可或缺的一部分，有着“千年苗医，万年苗药”之说 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref6">6</xref>] 。在苗医学上无“膝骨性关节炎”一词之说，其认为KOA属“冷骨风”、“湿热风”、“冷肉风”、“猫头风”范畴 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref7">7</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref8">8</xref>] ，病因主要包括“毒”和“乱”两大因素 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref9">9</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref10">10</xref>] 。苗医用于治疗KOA的方法很多，大致分为外治法和内治法，其治疗方法简便易行，疗效较好，相比于西药副作用更小，患者更易接受，近年来，受到了诸多学者的广泛关注。弩药常用配方由生草乌、白龙须、黑骨藤、透骨香、大血藤五味苗药组成，其中以热药为主，冷药为辅，五药合用共奏祛风除湿、散寒止痛、舒筋活络之功。Jing Fu等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref11">11</xref>] 人采用多中心、随机、非劣效性实验，对比苗医弩药针疗法与针灸治疗KOA患者的临床疗效，发现二者均可降低WOMAC评分，但弩药的长期疗效可能优于针灸，可作为治疗KOA的替代疗法。然而，目前对于弩药治疗膝骨关节炎的作用机制尚不明确，因此，本文以网络药理学为切入点，对其治疗膝骨关节炎的化学成分、作用靶点及信号通路进行研究，为下一步深入研究奠定基础。</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>2. 方法</title><sec id="s6_1"><title>2.1. 弩药方潜在活性成分及靶点的获取</title><p>采用TCMSP中药系统药理数据库及BATMAN-TCM数据库、CNKI及查阅文献的方式预测草乌、大血藤、黑骨藤、八角枫及透骨香5味中药的有效活性成分。其中，TCMSP数据库以OB ≥ 30%，DL ≥ 0.18%为条件筛选活性化合物；BATMAN-TCM以score cut-off值10为条件筛选潜在活性成分，并通过查阅文献报道的有效成分加以补充。在Pub chem数据库中获取活性成分的二维结构，并将二维结构输入Swiss Target Prediction平台预测活性成分所对应的靶点信息，以possibility &gt; 0进行筛选，合并、去重后得到药物靶点信息。</p></sec><sec id="s6_2"><title>2.2. 疾病靶点信息的收集</title><p>通过OMIM、Drug bank、TDD及Genecards数据平台，以“knee osteoarthritis”为关键词，查找与KOA疾病相关的靶点信息；其中Genecards数据库中选择Relevance score大于中位数的靶点。采用Uniprot平台将蛋白靶点信息转化为gene symbol名进行规范化处理，获取药物–疾病共同靶点。</p></sec><sec id="s6_3"><title>2.3. 蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络的构建</title><p>将药物与疾病共有的143个基因导入String数据库，绘制PPI网络，将其运用Cytoscape3.9.2软件对数据进行网络拓扑属性分析及可视化分析，预测苗药弩药方治疗KOA的潜在核心成分及靶点。</p></sec><sec id="s6_4"><title>2.4. 共有靶点GO及KEGG富集分析</title><p>将142个交集靶点信息导入Metascape在线数据库，选择物种“Homo sapiens”，在线进行GO生物学过程富集分析及KEGG代谢通路富集分析。以默认参数即P &lt; 0.01为筛选条件进行关键靶基因筛选，对KEGG、GO生物过程、GO分子功能、GO细胞成分进行富集分析，使用微生信在线作图软件绘制柱形图及气泡图。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s7"><title>3. 实验验证</title><sec id="s7_1"><title>3.1. 动物造模及给药</title><p>将适应性喂养一周后的SD大鼠，用10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉(0.3 mL/100g)大鼠，将其固定在手术台上，用剪刀剪除大鼠右后腿鼠毛，不能剪伤皮肤，露出整个右后腿膝关节。除空白组外，其他各组大鼠麻醉后，弯曲右后腿膝关节，用0.2 mL 4%木瓜蛋白酶溶液缓慢注入膝关节腔，分别于第1、4、7 d注射，注射完后，正常饲养1周。给药前，用剪刀小心剪去大鼠右后腿膝关节部位鼠毛，开始给药。取药物涂抹于右后腿膝关节及关节周围，直至每次药物给完，连续给药30 d。阳性组0.46 cm/只扶他林软膏，约黄豆大小；空白剂型组给予0.72 mL/只；弩药酒组给予1.67 mL/只；模型组和空白组不予处理。给药结束后，收集各组大鼠膝关节软骨组织。</p></sec><sec id="s7_2"><title>3.2. RT-qPCR检测关节软骨中caspase-9 mRNA的表达</title><p>取出−80℃冰箱保存的膝关节软骨组织，取适量软骨组织转移至已无酶EP管中，加入TRIzol用高速低温组织研磨仪捣碎。将匀浆样品在室温下放置10 min，使核酸蛋白复合物完全分离。加入0.2 mL氯仿，剧烈振荡，室温下放置，4℃ 12000 r/min离心15 min。取上层水相转移到新的无酶EP管中，加入等量异丙醇，颠倒混匀，室温放置，4℃ 12000r/min离心15 min，弃去上清液。用75%乙醇洗涤RNA沉淀。用 PrimeScript RT reagent Kit试剂盒，37℃，15 min，85℃条件下将其反转录为cDNA；核酸蛋白测量仪测 RNA浓度和纯度，以cDNA为模板进行预变性：95℃，循环：40次(95℃，15 s → 60℃，60 s)；溶解曲线：60℃ s → 95℃，每15 s升温0.3℃。mRNA水平标准化对照为β肌动蛋白(β-actin)。反应结束后，。反应结束后，数据采用相对定量方法(ΔΔCt值比较法)进行分析，使用Thermo Scientific PikoReal软件分析PCR过程各检测样本的CT (Threshold cycle)值。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s8"><title>4. 结果</title><sec id="s8_1"><title>4.1. 弩药方活性成分及靶点的获取</title><p>通过检索TCMSP、BATMAN-TCM及查阅相关文献，共获得38个活性成分，其中生草乌8个；大血藤12个；黑骨藤13个，白龙须1个；透骨香4个。通过Swiss Target Prediction筛选各成分靶点，合并、去重后共筛得605个潜在作用靶点。</p></sec><sec id="s8_2"><title>4.2. KOA疾病靶标及“弩药–疾病”共有靶标筛选</title><p>通过OMIM、Drug bank、TDD及Genecards等在线数据平台，筛选得到1195个靶标。利用Venn在线作图工具筛选弩药与KOA共有靶标信息，绘制得到韦恩图，见图1。</p><p>图1. 弩药活性成分作用靶点与疾病相关靶点韦恩图</p></sec><sec id="s8_3"><title>4.3. “弩药–疾病”PPI网络的构建及关键靶标的筛选</title><p>将获得的143个共同靶标输入String在线数据库，选择物种为“Homo sapiens”，获得其PPI网络。除去游离靶点后共获得141个节点及1674条相互作用线，平均度值为23.4。</p><p>将数据导入Cytoscape3.9.2软件进行可视化分析，首先以“度中心性DC”大于中位数(DC ≥ 24)作为筛选条件，即筛选得到53个靶点，再以DC ≥ 36筛选排名前30的靶点作为核心靶点。分别为ALB、AKT1、VEGFA、JUN、STAT3、MMP9、CASP3、PTGS2、ESR1、PPARG、CCND1、FGF2、MAPK1、MMP2、MTOR、ICAM1、KDR、IL2、PTPRC、PIK3CA、MAPK14、EP300、BCL2L1、MAPK8、JAK2、CASP8、PIK3R1、PPARA、ACE、AR，见图2，表明这些靶点可能是弩药方治疗KOA的关键靶点。</p><p>图2. 弩药治疗KOA关键靶点筛选策略图</p></sec><sec id="s8_4"><title>4.4. GO及KEGG富集通路分析</title><p>通过GO富集分析，对前10个GO功能条目进行分析，其中BP主要涉及基因表达的调控、对细胞凋亡的正调控等；CC主要与膜筏、微膜区、细胞外基质等有关；MF主要与内肽膜活性、蛋白激酶活性等有关。KEGG富集分析取前20条，对结果进行可视化分析，得到GO富集分析柱状图及KEGG富集气泡图，见图3。由图可知，弩药方治疗膝骨关节炎的关键靶点主要通路包括肿瘤通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路、卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染、化学致癌物受体激活、Ras信号通路等。</p><p>图3. GO功能分析柱状图及KEGG富集分析气泡图</p></sec><sec id="s8_5"><title>4.5. RT-qPCR检测关节软骨中caspase-9 mRNA的表达</title><p>结果显示，与空白组相比，模型组关节软骨组织中，caspase-9 mRNA表达显著增加，差异极显著(P &lt; 0.01)；与模型组相比，阳性药物组、弩药组caspase-9 mRNA表达降低，具显著性差异(P &lt; 0.01)，见表1。</p><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Changes in expression of caspase-9 mRNA in cartilage tissue of rats in each group (Mean &#177; SD</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >组别</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >caspase-9</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >空白组</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.76 &#177; 0.18</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >模型组</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.03 &#177; 0.44<sup>1)</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >阳性药物组</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.35 &#177; 0.19<sup>3)</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >弩药酒组</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.08 &#177; 0.23<sup>3)5)</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>表1. 各组大鼠软骨组织caspase-9 mRNA的表达变化(Mean &#177; SD)</p><p>注：与空白组相比，<sup>1)</sup>p &lt; 0.01；与模型组相比，<sup>3)</sup>p &lt; 0.01；与阳性药物组相比，<sup>5)</sup>p &lt; 0.01。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s9"><title>5. 总结</title><p>KOA是临床上常见的一种慢性退行性病变，其发生受肥胖、衰老、关节损伤和遗传的影响 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref12">12</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref13">13</xref>] 。有研究表明KOA发病机制与炎症因子、自由基、软骨细胞凋亡与代谢、蛋白酶等有关。PI3K是由调节亚基p85和催化亚基p110构成的二聚体，当它与生长因子受体结合后，可改变Akt的蛋白结构并使其活化，并以磷酸化作用激活或抑制下游一系列底物如凋亡相关蛋白Caspase9活性，从而调节细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等表型。弩药中苗药化学成分多样，但治疗骨关节炎的作用机制不明确，本文通过研究发现，其可能的关键靶点分别为ALB、AKT1、VEGFA等，可能是通过PI3K-Akt信号通路起到治疗膝骨关节炎的作用。由于时间限制，未能更全面评价其相关性，因此，后期还需结合更多体内外实验共同验证弩药方治疗膝骨关节炎的作用机制。</p></sec><sec id="s10"><title>基金项目</title><p>国家自然科学基金项目(82160753)；贵州省高等学校中药民族药(苗药)新剂型新制剂工程研究中心，合同编号：黔教技[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref2022">2022</xref>]022；国家苗药工程技术研究中心能力提升，合同编号：黔科合中引地[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref2023">2023</xref>]006；贵州省高层次创新型人才，项目编号：黔科合平台人才-GCC[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.81010-ref2023">2023</xref>]037。</p></sec><sec id="s11"><title>文章引用</title><p>谢 欢,刘 耀,杨芳芳,张永萍. 基于网络药理学和实验验证探究苗药弩药治疗膝骨性关节炎的作用机制Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation, to Investigate the Mechanism of Action of Miao Medicine and Crossbow in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis[J]. 药物化学, 2024, 12(01): 20-26. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJMCe.2024.121004</p></sec><sec id="s12"><title>参考文献</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="hanspub.81010-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">容伟明. 基于生物信息学探讨化瘀祛湿方治疗骨关节炎的机制研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 南宁: 广西中医药大学, 2022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.81010-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Roos, E.M. and Arden, N.K. 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