<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HJO</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Hans Journal of Ophthalmology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2167-6542</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12677/hjo.2024.132003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">HJO-87168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>hjo2024132_12230451.pdf</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>医药卫生</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  非炎症性眼睑水肿诊断的临床思路——附双眼眶炎性假瘤1例
  Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Non-Inflammatory Eyelid Edema—A Case Report of Bilateral Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>邱</surname><given-names>静</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>夏</surname><given-names>枫霖</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>谢</surname><given-names>学军</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>成都中医药大学附属医院，四川 成都</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>成都中医药大学眼科学院，四川 成都</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>null</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>02</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  眼眶炎性假瘤(Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, OIP)是一种常见的眼眶疾病，病因病机尚未明确。OIP可累计眼眶各个部位，其临床表现多种多样，不具有特异性，需要依据临床、实验室及影像学检查进行排除性诊断。现报道一例双眼眶炎性假瘤患者及其诊疗过程，以期为同道临床诊治提供思路及参考。
   Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (OIP) is a commonly encountered orbital disease, although its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. OIP can affect various parts of the orbit and presents with diverse clinical manifestations that lack specificity, necessitating a differential diagnosis based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging examinations. Here, we present a case of bilateral orbital inflammatory pseudotumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic process, aiming to provide insights and references for fellow clinicians in their clinical practice.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>眼眶炎性假瘤，双眼，病例报告, Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor</kwd><kwd> Bilateral</kwd><kwd> Case Report</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>摘要</title><p>眼眶炎性假瘤(Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, OIP)是一种常见的眼眶疾病，病因病机尚未明确。OIP可累计眼眶各个部位，其临床表现多种多样，不具有特异性，需要依据临床、实验室及影像学检查进行排除性诊断。现报道一例双眼眶炎性假瘤患者及其诊疗过程，以期为同道临床诊治提供思路及参考。</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>关键词</title><p>眼眶炎性假瘤，双眼，病例报告</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Non-Inflammatory Eyelid Edema</title><p>—A Case Report of Bilateral Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor<sup> </sup></p><p>Jing Qiu<sup>1</sup>, Fenglin Xia<sup>1</sup>, Xuejun Xie<sup>2</sup></p><p><sup>1</sup>The Eye Science Academy at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Sichuan</p><p><sup>2</sup>Hospital of Chengdu University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Sichuan</p><p>Received: Apr. 20<sup>th</sup>, 2024; accepted: May 10<sup>th</sup>, 2024; published: May 22<sup>nd</sup>, 2024</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (OIP) is a commonly encountered orbital disease, although its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. OIP can affect various parts of the orbit and presents with diverse clinical manifestations that lack specificity, necessitating a differential diagnosis based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging examinations. Here, we present a case of bilateral orbital inflammatory pseudotumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic process, aiming to provide insights and references for fellow clinicians in their clinical practice.</p><p>Keywords:Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor, Bilateral, Case Report</p><p>Copyright &#169; 2024 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.</p><p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).</p><p>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/1-2230451x5_hanspub.png?20240523084445810" /> <img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/1-2230451x6_hanspub.png?20240523084445810" /></p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>1. 引言</title><p>眼眶炎性假瘤(Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, OIP)是一种特发性非特异性炎性疾病，临床发病率较低，约占眼眶疾病的7.1%~12.3% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref1">1</xref>] 。该病名最早由BIRCH HIRSCHFELD于1905年提出，多在中青年发病。其临床表现多样性，常表现为眼睑肿胀(45%~79%)、疼痛(25%~58%)、眼球突出(63%~79%)、运动受限、结膜充血等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref2">2</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref3">3</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref4">4</xref>] ，难以识别，导致病人初期不能得到正确治疗。本病经糖皮质激素治疗后症状好转，但病情易反复，缠绵难愈，其复发率高达58% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref5">5</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref6">6</xref>] ，现报道一例OIP患者及其诊疗过程，并对国内外OIP的诊治进展做一综述。</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>2. 病例资料</title><p>患者女性，51岁。双眼胀痛伴上睑肿胀1年。1年前，患者无明显诱因出现双眼胀痛，双眼上睑肿胀，偶有眼痒、干涩及异物感，于外院行甲状腺功能及肾功能检查无异常，不规律滴氮卓斯汀滴眼液后症状体征无明显改善。为进一步诊治，于2023年3月26日来我院就诊。眼部检查：VOD:0.2，VOS:0.6，双侧眼球突出，球结膜轻度水肿，上睑肿胀、皮肤微红粗糙，无触痛，皮温无异常，眼前节及眼底未见明显异常，眼压：右眼16 mmHg，左眼18 mmHg。临床诊断：双眼眼眶病待诊，行眼眶CT平扫检查，结果提示：双侧泪腺区软组织团块影，边界稍模糊，余未见明显异常。门诊以双眼眶炎性假瘤待诊收入病人住院进一步诊治。入院后病人行双眼球后彩超示：双侧泪腺测值增大；彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)结果提示：双侧泪腺血流信号丰富；头颅CT血管造影(CTA)检查及血常规、自身免疫抗体谱、TORCH-IgG、IgM抗体检测等检查均未见明显异常。修正诊断为双眼眶炎性假瘤(Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, OIP)。治疗方案：静脉滴注地塞米松磷酸钠15 mg/d，5天后减量为静脉滴注地塞米松磷酸钠10 mg/d；配合补钙、补钾、保护胃黏膜、抗过敏等药物治疗10天后复查：VOD:0.5，VOS:0.8，双眼胀痛减轻，双侧眼睑肿胀基本消退(见图1)。出院改为口服泼尼松片30 mg/d，每两周逐渐减量5 mg/d，直到维持量每天5 mg。</p><p>图1. 示OIP患者双眼外观</p></sec><sec id="s7"><title>3. 讨论</title><p>双眼上睑肿胀、眼球突出可见于多种眼及全身疾病(感染、外伤、肿瘤、血管畸形、内分泌疾病等) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref1">1</xref>] 。本例患者双眼上睑无局限性红肿及触痛，皮温无明显异常，查血常规白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数未见异常，TORCH-IgG、IgM抗体检测无异常，通过询问相关病史可初步排除急性感染及外伤因素。患者中年女性，除双眼眼睑肿胀外，还可见双侧眼球突出，故首先疑诊甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthal-mopathy, TAO)。TAO是与甲状腺疾病密切相关的自身免疫性疾病，常双眼发病，是导致成年人眼球突出的最常见眼眶疾病，常表现为眼内异物感、眼球突出、眼睑肿胀、眼睑挛缩、复视、斜视、畏光、过度流泪、损伤视力等，其女性发病率高于男性，其中女性平均发病年龄(40 &#177; 13)岁 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref7">7</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref8">8</xref>] 。为进一步明确病因，嘱患者完善眼眶CT等影像学检查。TAO的CT特征性表现为典型的眼肌受累增粗肥大、肌腹增粗，呈“梭形”改变。本例患者近一月甲状腺功能及抗体检查未见异常，眼眶CT未见眼肌受累，故可排除TAO。</p><p>此外，双眼上睑肿胀、突眼还可见于眼附属器肿瘤，其中眼附属器淋巴瘤(ocular adnexal lymphoma, OAL)占全部眼附属器肿瘤的5%~10%，预后差，常单眼发病，好发于老年患者，男性略多于女性，病变常累及泪腺区、眶隔前区及肌锥区 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref9">9</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref10">10</xref>] ，表现为眼睑肿胀、疼痛，眼球运动受限、视力下降等。主要依靠病理活检及影像学检查进行诊断 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref11">11</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref12">12</xref>] 。CT检查表现为：眶隔前区的边界欠模糊的肿块影(局限性)和肌锥内外不规则软组织密度影(浸润性) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref13">13</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref14">14</xref>] 。超声可见：边界清晰的匀质低回声；CDFI可见丰富或较丰富的彩色血流信号 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref11">11</xref>] 。OAL对糖皮质激素反应不敏感。因此，对糖皮质激素的反应也可提供鉴别诊断依据。本例患者经糖皮质激素冲击治疗后症状明显缓解。眼眶CT可见泪腺区边界模糊的软组织团块影，无眼肌、视神经及眶骨骨质受损，球后彩超见未见瘤样回声，故排除OAL。</p><p>眼眶及颅内血管畸形如颈动脉海绵窦漏、动静脉畸形等，可引起眼眶内静脉压升高、血流回流受阻、眶内组织水肿从而临床表现为眼球突出、眼干、胀痛等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref15">15</xref>] 。其中，颈动脉海绵窦漏是由于颈动脉与海绵窦间的异常交通导致，表现为球结膜血管呈螺旋状迂曲扩张，眼突呈搏动性，患者常自述颅内及眶区吹风样杂音。CT和头部MRI可见眼上静脉增粗、眼外肌肿胀，海绵窦增大 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref16">16</xref>] ，</p><p>经过详细眼部查体及眼眶CT、球后超声、血常规、TORCH-IgG、IgM抗体检测、头颅CTA等全身检查，本病例相继排除急性感染、外伤、TAO、OAL、眼眶及颅内血管畸形等多种眼及全身疾病后考虑诊断为OIP，经静脉滴注地塞米松磷酸钠治疗后患者症状体征较前明显缓解，验证了之前诊断。</p><p>OIP是一种原发于眼眶的非特异性炎性疾病，病因病机尚未明确，目前研究倾向于认为其与自身免疫异常有关，Maria [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref17">17</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref18">18</xref>] 报道了1例继发于系统性红斑狼疮后的OIP，经全身糖皮质激素治疗后症状明显缓解且随访无复发。其与系统性风湿疾病的关联以及对糖皮质激素的临床反应某种程度上支持了这一说法。此外，近年有研究发现OIP患者病理活检见大量IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润，因此推测IgG4相关疾病可能是OIP的重要病因，Raida等人 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref18">18</xref>] 报道了一例多器官IgG4相关疾病患者，表现为OIP伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多，有急性胰腺炎病史，血清IgG4水平升高，经大剂量糖皮质激素治疗后眼部症状明显缓解。OIP根据病变部位可分为肿块型、泪腺炎型、肌炎型及弥漫型 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref11">11</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref13">13</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref19">19</xref>] ，根据病理活检分型分为：淋巴细胞浸润型、硬化型、混合型，OIP病理学活检主要表现为包括淋巴细胞的多形性组织细胞浸润及不同程度纤维化 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref20">20</xref>] 。临床主要表现为眼睑肿胀(45%~79%)、疼痛(25%~58%)、眼球突出(63%~79%)、运动受限、结膜充血以及视神经病变等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref2">2</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref3">3</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref4">4</xref>] 。好发于成年人，常单眼发病，双眼发病少见 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref3">3</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref21">21</xref>] ，临床发病率较低，约占眼眶疾病的7.1%~12.3% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref22">22</xref>] 。目前，OIP尚无统一诊断标准，主要依据临床、实验室及影像学结果进行排除性诊断。CT、超声及核磁等影像学检查对OIP的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref11">11</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref12">12</xref>] 。OIP患者眼眶部CT检查可见边界不清的灶性或弥漫性软组织团块影，伴或不伴眼外肌肥大、泪腺肿大、眼环增厚及视神经增粗等改变，往往无骨质破坏 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref12">12</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref18">18</xref>] 。超声可见边界欠清的不均匀回声 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref23">23</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref24">24</xref>] 。</p><p>通过CT、超声等影像学检查，本例患者可初步诊断为OIP。目前，全身及局部应用糖皮质激素是OIP的首选治疗，Derakhshandeh等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref20">20</xref>] 认为对糖皮质激素敏感的临床反应可以为诊断OIP作参考。本例患者对糖皮质激素快速、有效的临床反应也为OIP的诊断提供重要依据。然而越来越多研究报道皮质激素在治疗OIP上的不足。Biljsm [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref5">5</xref>] 报告类固醇治疗OIP的有效性仅为31%，Ahn Yuen [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87168-ref6">6</xref>] 报告了仅63%的OIP患者在使用皮质激素后表现为完全消退，无复发，而其中20%的患者还需要补充使用免疫抑制剂。故本例患者仍需长期随访观察。</p><p>综上所述，成年人出现双侧眼睑肿胀、突眼需要考虑急性感染、眼眶肿瘤、内分泌疾病、血管畸形等眼及全身疾病，经相关实验室及眼眶CT、球后超声、头颅CTA等影像学检查可明确诊断，以便进一步有效诊治及随访。</p><p>目前，OIP的病因病机尚未明确，其生理病理机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。近年大量研究探索OIP发病机制，其中，有研究发现OIP患者病理活检见大量IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润，因此推测IgG4相关疾病可能是OIP的重要病因，而在OIP发生的作用仍需要进一步研究。</p></sec><sec id="s8"><title>文章引用</title><p>邱 静,夏枫霖,谢学军. 非炎症性眼睑水肿诊断的临床思路——附双眼眶炎性假瘤1例Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Non-Inflammatory Eyelid Edema—A Case Report of Bilateral Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor[J]. 眼科学, 2024, 13(02): 15-19. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjo.2024.132003</p></sec><sec id="s9"><title>参考文献</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="hanspub.87168-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">杨华胜, 张特, 叶慧菁. 基于影像学分类的眼眶炎性假瘤诊疗方法选择[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2023, 59(1): 8-12. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220511-00239 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87168-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Swamy, B.N., McCluskey, P., Nemet, A., &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 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