<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Pure  Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2160-7583</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12677/pm.2024.145167</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PM-87176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>pm2024145_141252389.pdf</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>数学与物理</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  平面凸曲线的保长度流与几何不等式
  A Length-Preserving Flow for Planar Convex Curves and Geometric Inequalities
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>朱</surname><given-names>洪玉</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>X</surname><given-names>aytou Yanenglor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>大连海事大学理学院，辽宁 大连</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>null</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>05</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  本文主要研究一个平面凸曲线的保长度流及其应用。在该保长度流下，演化曲线保持凸性，且收敛到一个圆。作为该流的应用，得到曲率型不等式和反向等周不等式。
   This article mainly studies the length-preserving flow of convex curves and its applications. Under this length-preserving flow, the evolving curve is still convex, and converges to a circle. As applications of this flow, curvature-type inequality and reverse isoperimetric inequality can be obtained.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>平面凸曲线，保长度流，几何不等式, Planar Convex Curves</kwd><kwd> Length-Preserving Flow</kwd><kwd> Geometric Inequalities</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>摘要</title><p>本文主要研究一个平面凸曲线的保长度流及其应用。在该保长度流下，演化曲线保持凸性，且收敛到一个圆。作为该流的应用，得到曲率型不等式和反向等周不等式。</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>关键词</title><p>平面凸曲线，保长度流，几何不等式</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>A Length-Preserving Flow for Planar Convex Curves and Geometric Inequalities<sup> </sup></title><p>Hongyu Zhu<sup>*</sup>, Xaytou Yanenglor</p><p>College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian Liaoning</p><p>Received: Mar. 20<sup>th</sup>, 2024; accepted: Apr. 21<sup>st</sup>, 2024; published: May 22<sup>nd</sup>, 2024</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>This article mainly studies the length-preserving flow of convex curves and its applications. Under this length-preserving flow, the evolving curve is still convex, and converges to a circle. As applications of this flow, curvature-type inequality and reverse isoperimetric inequality can be obtained.</p><p>Keywords:Planar Convex Curves, Length-Preserving Flow, Geometric Inequalities</p><p>Copyright &#169; 2024 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.</p><p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).</p><p>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p><p><img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/14-1252389x6_hanspub.png?20240523083944458" /> <img src="//html.hanspub.org/file/14-1252389x7_hanspub.png?20240523083944458" /></p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>1. 引言</title><p>平面曲线流中最简单的模型是平面曲线收缩流(CSF)，在探究理想颗粒的二维边界运动 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref1">1</xref>] 时被Mullins首次提出，对其系统性的理论研究分别由Gage-Hamilton [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref2">2</xref>] 和Grayson [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref3">3</xref>] 完成。对于任意平面简单闭曲线，在曲线收缩流下演化，它在有限时间内会变成一个点，如果将演化曲线进行保面积重新尺度化，则它最终会收敛到一个圆，这一结论现被称为Gage-Hamilton-Grayson定理。</p><p>自20世纪80年代以来，曲线流已广泛应用于计算机视觉、图像处理、材料科学等多个领域。潘生亮在 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref4">4</xref>] 中首次提出了速度项带有支撑函数的平面闭凸曲线演化模型：</p><p>X t = ( 2 π p L − 1 ) N ,</p><p>由于演化曲线在该模型下保持周长不变，故速率也可以写成 p − L 2 π 。之后，Meng [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref5">5</xref>] 研究了一种凸</p><p>曲线保长度的逆曲率流，定义如下：</p><p>X t = ( p − 1 k ) N ,</p><p>该模型可以将非线性的曲率发展方程转化为曲线曲率半径的热方程。其他带有支撑函数的保长度演化模型的研究，参见Gao和Wang [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref6">6</xref>] ，Fang [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref7">7</xref>] 等。</p><p>本文主要研究一个新的带有支撑函数的逆曲率流，并通过其渐近行为探究几何不等式。考虑平面凸曲线的如下演化问题：</p><p>{ X t = ( 2 p − 1 k − L 2 π ) N , X ( ⋅ , 0 ) = X 0 ( ⋅ ) , (1.1)</p><p>其中N是演化曲线的单位内法向量，p，k和L分别是演化曲线X的支撑函数、曲率和周长。该模型可以看成上述两个演化过程的组合，为实际应用中出现运动叠加的情形提供新的研究思路。</p><p>我们知道演化模型的切分量不改变演化曲线的形状 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref8">8</xref>] ，因此为计算简单起见，可在流(1.1)中增加合适的切分量 α 。引入平面凸曲线的切向角 θ ，若令 α = − ( 2 p − 1 / k − L / 2 π ) θ ，则得到与流(1.1)等价演化问题：</p><p>{ X t = α T + ( 2 p − 1 k − L 2 π ) N , X ( θ , 0 ) = X 0 ( θ ) ,   θ ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] . (1.2)</p><p>在流(1.2)中，切向量T、单位内法向量N和切向角 θ 均与时间t无关 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref8">8</xref>] 。我们可以得到如下定理：</p><p>定理1.1 若初始曲线是平面凸曲线，则在流(1.2)下演化曲线保持凸性，周长不变，且光滑收敛到一个圆。</p><p>近年来，这种速度项带有支撑函数的逆曲率流在等周型问题及几何不等式的研究中扮演了重要角色，可参考Guan和Li的综述文章 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref9">9</xref>] 。下面我们简单介绍几种相关的几何不等式。</p><p>等周问题表明任何给定长度的简单闭曲线，圆的面积所围区域的面积最大。等周问题蕴含如下等周不等式：</p><p>L 2 ≥ 4 π A ,</p><p>其中L和A分别为简单闭曲线的周长和所围区域的面积，且仅当曲线为圆时等号成立。潘生亮等 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref10">10</xref>] 证明了平面凸曲线的一个反向等周不等式：</p><p>L 2 ≤ 4 π A + 2 π | A ˜ | ,</p><p>其中L为平面凸曲线的周长，A和 | A ˜ | 分别为平面凸曲线及其曲率中心轨迹所围区域的面积。同时他们猜测使不等式</p><p>L 2 ≤ 4 π A + ε | A ˜ |</p><p>成立的最优 ε 取值为 π 。高翔 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref11">11</xref>] 证明了该猜测并给出等号成立的充要条件，且Gao，Zhang和Zhou [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref12">12</xref>] 证明该充要条件对应的曲线是次数不超过6次的代数曲线。</p><p>作为上述定理的应用，我们可以获得曲率型不等式和反向等周不等式。</p><p>定理1.2 (曲率型不等式) 若X是平面凸曲线，则有</p><p>∫ 0 2 π 1 k 2 d θ ≥ 2 A + 8 ( L 2 4 π − A ) , (1.3)</p><p>其中k和L分别为X的曲率和周长，且等号成立当且仅当X是一条至多6次代数曲线。</p><p>注 对于一条平面凸的 C 2 闭曲线，有平面Ros不等式 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref13">13</xref>]</p><p>∫ 0 2 π 1 k 2 d θ ≥ 2 A</p><p>成立，等号成立当且仅当该曲线是一个圆。因此，定理1.2中的结果可以看成是该不等式的加强形式。而在文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref14">14</xref>] 中，Li和Wang还将不等式(1.3)拓展到一类带有奇点的曲线上。</p><p>定理1.3 (反向等周不等式) 若X是平面凸曲线，则有</p><p>L 2 ≤ 4 π A + π | A ˜ | , (1.4)</p><p>其中L为X的周长，A和 | A ˜ | 分别为X及其曲率中心轨迹的面积，且(1.3)中等号成立当且仅当X是一条至多6次的代数曲线。</p><p>本文的结构安排如下：</p><p>本文分成三个部分，第一部分是背景知识，主要说明本文的研究目的和主要结果；第二部分是预备知识，主要介绍给出平面凸曲线的基本概念、演化模型相关几何量的发展方程和部分引理；第三部分是主要定理的证明，使用的技巧与方法受文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref15">15</xref>] 和 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref16">16</xref>] 的启发。</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>2. 预备知识</title><p>设X是平面凸曲线，则它可分别由支撑函数和曲率来刻画。记 θ 为平面凸曲线的切向角，X的支撑</p><p>函数 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref12">12</xref>] 可表示为</p><p>p ( θ ) = − X ⋅ N .</p><p>根据平面凸曲线的定义 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref12">12</xref>] ，其曲率k的符号不变(不妨取大于零)。平面凸曲线X的曲率与支撑函数满足如下关系 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref17">17</xref>] ：</p><p>k = 1 p θ θ + p . (2.1)</p><p>利用支撑函数，平面凸曲线X的周长和所围区域的面积表示为 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref17">17</xref>] ：</p><p>L = ∫ 0 2 π p ( θ ) d θ , (2.2)</p><p>A = 1 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( p 2 ( θ ) − p θ 2 ( θ ) ) d θ . (2.3)</p><p>经过类似文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref2">2</xref>] 和 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref4">4</xref>] 中对几何量演化方程的计算可得：</p><p>引理2.1 若平面凸曲线在流(1.2)下演化，则其支撑函数、曲率、周长和所围区域面积的发展方程分别为</p><p>p t = 1 k + L 2 π − 2 p , (2.4)</p><p>k t = k 2 ( − ( 1 k ) θ θ + 1 k − L 2 π ) , (2.5)</p><p>L t = 0 , (2.6)</p><p>A t = ∫ 0 2 π 1 k 2 d θ + L 2 2 π − 4 A . (2.7)</p><p>引理2.2 (保凸性)若平面凸曲线在流(1.2)下演化，则演化曲线仍是平面凸曲线，且周长不变。</p><p>证明 由式(2.6)可知，演化曲线的周长保持不变。为说明演化曲线保持凸性，只需证明对任意时刻t，</p><p>均有 k ( θ , t ) &gt; 0 。设 F ( t ) = ( 1 k − L 2 π ) e t 。根据式(2.5)和式(2.6)，可得</p><p>F t = F θ θ . (2.8)</p><p>由于 X 0 是平面凸曲线，则有 0 &lt; ( 1 k ) min ( 0 ) ≤ L 2 π ≤ ( 1 k ) max ( 0 ) 。对式(2.8)应用极大值原理，可得</p><p>( 1 k ) max ( t ) ≤ L ( 0 ) 2 π + ( ( 1 k ) max ( 0 ) − L ( 0 ) 2 π ) e − t ≤ ( 1 k ) max ( 0 ) .</p><p>这表明 1 k ( θ , t ) ≤ ( 1 k ) max ( t ) ≤ ( 1 k ) max ( 0 ) 。</p></sec><sec id="s7"><title>3. 主要结果的证明</title><p>定理1.1的证明 首先，由引理2.2的保凸性，我们可以将曲率的演化方程转化为曲率半径的标准抛物方程，结合抛物方程标准理论和曲率半径的各阶导数估计，得到演化方程解的存在性；其次，通过构造一个关于曲率半径积分的辅助函数，分析该函数在演化过程中的性质，得到演化曲线的收敛性。</p><p>记曲率半径 ρ = 1 / k ，由(2.5)可得</p><p>ρ t = ρ θ θ − ρ + L 2 π . (2.9)</p><p>设 ρ ( i ) 表示 ρ 的i阶导数，其中 i ≥ 1 。根据式(2.9)和分部积分公式，可得：</p><p>d d t ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ ( i ) ) 2 d θ = 2 ∫ 0 2 π ρ ( i ) ρ t ( i ) d θ = 2 ∫ 0 2 π ρ ( i ) ( ρ ( i + 2 ) − ρ ( i ) ) d θ = − 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ ( i + 1 ) ) 2 d θ − 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ ( i ) ) 2 d θ ≤ − 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ ( i ) ) 2 d θ .</p><p>这表明</p><p>∫ 0 2 π ( ρ ( i ) ) 2 ( θ , t ) d θ ≤ ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ ( i ) ) 2 ( θ , 0 ) d θ ⋅ e − 2 t .</p><p>结合Sobolev不等式 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref2">2</xref>] 可得，对 ( θ , t ) ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] &#215; [ 0 , + ∞ ) ，有 | ρ ( i ) ( θ , t ) | ≤ C e − t ≤ C ，其中C是只依赖i和 X 0 。因此，流(1.2)在 [ 0 , ∞ ) 存在。</p><p>下面说明流(1.2)的收敛性，考虑几何量</p><p>Q ( t ) = ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ − c ) 2 d θ ,   其 中   c = L 0 / 2 π .</p><p>根据式(2.6)和分部积分公式，可得</p><p>d Q d t = 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ − c ) ρ t d θ = 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ − c ) ( ρ θ θ − ρ + c ) d θ = − 2 ∫ 0 2 π ρ θ 2 d θ − 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( ρ − c ) 2 d θ ≤ − 2 Q .</p><p>因此，对 ( θ , t ) ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] &#215; [ 0 , + ∞ ) ，有</p><p>| ρ ( θ , t ) − c | ≤ C 1 e − t ,</p><p>其中C是只依赖 X 0 。这表明当 t → + ∞ 时， ρ ( θ , t ) → c = L 0 / 2 π ，即演化曲线光滑收敛到半径为 L 0 / 2 π 的一个圆。</p><p>注 结合式(2.5)，式(2.6)和平面Ros不等式，可得</p><p>d d t ( L 2 − 4 π A ) = − 4 π ( ∫ 0 2 π 1 k 2 d θ + L 2 2 π − 4 A ) ≤ − 4 π ( 2 A + L 2 2 π − 4 A ) = − 2 ( L 2 − 4 π A ) .</p><p>由此可知， L 2 ( t ) − 4 π A ( t ) ≤ ( L 2 ( 0 ) − 4 π A ( 0 ) ) e − 2 t ，即等周差在演化过程中负指数衰减。</p><p>定理1.2的证明 令 ρ = 1 / k 。在流(1.2)下，考虑几何量</p><p>W ( t ) = ∫ 0 2 π ρ 2 d θ − 2 A − 8 ( L 2 4 π − A ) .</p><p>根据式(2.1)，式(2.3)，式(2.5)和式(2.7)，演化曲线的代数面积的发展方程可以重新表示为</p><p>d W d t = 2 ∫ 0 2 π ρ ρ t d θ + 6 A t = − 2 ∫ 0 2 π ρ θ 2 d θ + 4 ∫ 0 2 π ρ 2 d θ + 4 L 2 π − 24 A = − 2 ∫ 0 2 π ρ θ 2 d θ + 4 ∫ 0 2 π ρ 2 d θ + 4 L 2 π − 12 ∫ 0 2 π p 2 d θ + 12 ∫ 0 2 π p θ 2 d θ .</p><p>设演化曲线X的支撑函数为</p><p>p = a 0 2 + ∑ n ≥ 1 ( a n cos n θ + b n sin n θ )   ,</p><p>则有</p><p>p θ = ∑ n ≥ 1 ( − n a n sin n θ + n b n cos n θ )   , p θ θ = ∑ n ≥ 1 ( − n 2 a n cos n θ − n 2 b n sin n θ )   , p θ θ θ = ∑ n ≥ 1 ( n 3 a n sin n θ − n 3 b n cos n θ )   .</p><p>根据Parsavel恒等式 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref4">4</xref>] ，可得</p><p>d W d t = − 2 ∫ 0 2 π p θ θ θ 2 d θ + 8 ∫ 0 2 π p θ θ 2 d θ + 2 ∫ 0 2 π p θ 2 d θ − 8 ∫ 0 2 π p 2 d θ + 4 L 2 π = − 2 π ∑ n ≥ 3 ( n 2 − 1 ) ( n 2 − 4 ) ( n 2 + 1 ) ( a n 2 + b n 2 ) .</p><p>容易知道 d W d t ≤ 0 ，且等号成立当且仅当 a n = b n = 0 ， n ≥ 3 。因此，结合流(1.2)的渐近行为，可知 ∫ 0 2 π ρ 2 d θ − 2 A − 8 ( L 2 4 π − A ) = W ( t ) ≥ W ( ∞ ) = 0 ，且等号成立当且仅当</p><p>p = a 0 + a 1 cos θ + b 1 sin θ + a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ ,</p><p>即曲线为次数不超过6次的代数曲线 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref12">12</xref>] 。</p><p>注 不等式(1.3)在文献 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref18">18</xref>] 的保长度和保面积曲线流研究中起到重要作用，尤其是在证明流的收敛性和确定流的渐近行为两个方面。</p><p>定理1.3的证明 结合式(1.3)和恒等式 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.87176-ref19">19</xref>]</p><p>∫ 0 2 π 1 k 2 d θ = 2 ( A + | A ˜ | )</p><p>可得式(1.4)成立，且等号成立当且仅当曲线为次数不超过6次的代数曲线。</p><p>本文主要研究一个速度项带有支撑函数的保长度曲线流，并结合该流的渐近行为讨论了平面凸曲线的曲率型不等式和反向等周不等式，本文为研究平面曲线的几何不等式提供了一个新的模型。另外，本文研究的模型是一类特殊的组合流，这也为今后研究更一般的组合模型提供新的思路，为实际应用中的一些组合运动，如波的叠加、多重信号的传输等，提供理论依据。</p></sec><sec id="s8"><title>致谢</title><p>感谢审稿人对改进本文提供的宝贵建议。</p></sec><sec id="s9"><title>文章引用</title><p>朱洪玉,Xaytou Yanenglor. 平面凸曲线的保长度流与几何不等式A Length-Preserving Flow for Planar Convex Curves and Geometric Inequalities[J]. 理论数学, 2024, 14(05): 115-121. https://doi.org/10.12677/pm.2024.145167</p></sec><sec id="s10"><title>参考文献</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mullins, W.W. (1956) Two-Dimensional Motion of Idealized Grain Boundaries. &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt;, 27, 900-904. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1722511</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gage, M.E. and Hamilton, R.S. (1986) The Heat Equation Shrinking Convex Plane Curves. &lt;i&gt;Journal of Differential Geometry&lt;/i&gt;, 23, 69-96. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1214439902</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Grayson, M.A. (1987) The Heat Equation Shrinks Embedded Plane Curve to Round Points. &lt;i&gt;Journal of Differential Geometry&lt;/i&gt;, 26, 285-314. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1214441371</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">潘生亮. 几何不等式与曲率流[D]: [博士学位论文]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Meng, Q.X. (2010) On a Perimeter-Preserving Plane Curve Flow (Thesis). East China Normal University, Shanghai.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gao, L.Y. and Wang, Y.L. (2015) Deforming Convex Curves with Fixed Elastic Energy. &lt;i&gt;Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications&lt;/i&gt;, 427, 817-829. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.02.053</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fang, J.B. (2020) Deforming a Starshaped Curve into a Circle by an Area-Preserving Flow. &lt;i&gt;Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society&lt;/i&gt;, 102, 498-505. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017/S0004972720000374</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Chou, K.-S. and Zhu, X.P. (2001) The Curve Shortening Problem. Chapman &amp; Hall/CRC. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420035704</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Guan, P. F. and Li, J. F. (2021) Isoperimetric type inequalities and hypersurface flows. J. Math. Study 54, 56-80. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.4208/jms.v54n1.21.03</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Pan, S.L., Tang, X.Y. and Wang, X.Y. (2010) A Refined Reverse Isoperimetric Inequality in the Plane. &lt;i&gt;Mathematical Inequalities &amp; Applications&lt;/i&gt;, 13, 329-338. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.7153/mia-13-26</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gao, X. (2011) A Note on the Reverse Isoperimetrc Inequality. &lt;i&gt;Results in Mathematics&lt;/i&gt;, 59, 83-90. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-010-0056-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gao, L.Y., Zhang, Z.Y. and Zhou, F. (2020) An Extension of Rabinowitz’s Polynomial Representation for Convex Curves. &lt;i&gt;Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie&lt;/i&gt;, 61, 455-464. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s13366-020-00494-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Zhou, J.Z. (2007) Curvature Inequalities for Curves. &lt;i&gt;International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science&lt;/i&gt;, 1, 145-147.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Li, M.Y. and Wang, G.F. (2023) &lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt;-Convex Legendre Curves and Geometric Inequalities. &lt;i&gt;Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations&lt;/i&gt;, 62, 24 p. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-023-02480-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Yang, Y.L. and Wu, W.P. (2021) The Reverse Isoperimetric Inequality for Convex Plane Curves through a Length-Preserving Flow. &lt;i&gt;Archiv der Mathematik&lt;/i&gt;, 116, 107-113. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00013-020-01541-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Yang, Y.L., Zhao, Y.M. and Zhang, Y.L. (2023) On an Area-Preserving Locally Constrained Inverse Curvature Flow of Convex Curves. &lt;i&gt;Nonlinear Analysis&lt;/i&gt;, 230, 113245. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2023.113245</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Green, M. and Osher, S. (1999) Steiner Polynomials, Wulff Flow, and Some New Isoperimetric Inequalities for Convex Plane Curves. &lt;i&gt;The Asian Journal of Mathematics&lt;/i&gt;, 3, 659-676. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.4310/AJM.1999.v3.n3.a5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lin, Y.C. and Tsai, D.-H. (2012) Application of Andrew and Green-Osher Inequalities to Nonlocal Flow Convex Plane Curve. &lt;i&gt;Journal of Evolution Equations&lt;/i&gt;, 12, 833-854. &lt;br&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-012-0157-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="hanspub.87176-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Pan, S.L. and Zhang, H. (2007) A Reverse İsoperimetric İnequality for Convex Plane Curves. &lt;i&gt;Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie&lt;/i&gt;, 48, 303-308.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>